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    VOLATILE/NON-VOLATILE FLOATING ELECTRODE LOGIC/MEMORY CELL
    91.
    发明申请
    VOLATILE/NON-VOLATILE FLOATING ELECTRODE LOGIC/MEMORY CELL 审中-公开
    挥发性/非挥发性浮动电极逻辑/存储单元

    公开(公告)号：WO2013016283A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-01-31

    申请号：PCT/US2012/047846

    申请日：2012-07-23

    Applicant: VIRGINIA TECH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, INC. ,  ORLOWSKI, Marius ,  LIU, Tong ,  VERMA, Mohini ,  KANG, Yuhong

    Inventor： ORLOWSKI, Marius ,  LIU, Tong ,  VERMA, Mohini ,  KANG, Yuhong

    IPC: G11C16/00 ,  G11C16/06 ,  H01L27/115

    CPC classification number: G11C13/0069 ,  G11C11/54 ,  G11C13/0004 ,  G11C13/0011 ,  G11C14/00 ,  G11C2013/0071 ,  H01L27/2463 ,  H01L45/08 ,  H01L45/085 ,  H01L45/1233 ,  H01L45/1253 ,  H01L45/1266 ,  H01L45/146

    Abstract: A resistive floating electrode device (RFED) provides a logic cell or non¬ volatile storage or dynamic or static random access memory on an extremely compact matrix with individual cells scalable to the minimum available lithographic feature size regime by providing atomic switches connected in anti-parallel relationship, preferably with a common inert electrode. Programming is facilitated by limiting current to a compliance current level in order to maintain an OB state from which the cell can be written to either the 0 or 1 state. A perfecting feature of the invention provides for selective operation of a cell as a diode or in a volatile or non-volatile storage mode within the same memory array. A series connection of three or more RFEDs in accordance with the invention having different ON state currents, OFF state currents and reset currents can be used as adaptive, neural or chaotic logic cells.

    Abstract translation: 电阻浮动电极器件（RFED）在非常紧凑的矩阵上提供逻辑单元或非易失性存储器或动态或静态随机存取存储器，其中各个单元可通过提供以反并联方式连接的原子开关来扩展到最小可用光刻特征尺寸方案 关系，最好用普通的惰性电极。 通过将电流限制到符合性电流电平来进行编程，以便维持可将单元格写入0或1状态的OB状态。 本发明的完美特征提供了作为二极管的单元的选择性操作或在同一存储器阵列内的易失性或非易失性存储模式中的选择性操作。 根据具有不同ON状态电流，OFF状态电流和复位电流的本发明的三个或更多RFED的串联连接可被用作自适应，神经或混沌逻辑单元。

    ESTERS OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND DIACIDS AND METHOD OF MAKING THEREOF
    94.
    发明申请
    ESTERS OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND DIACIDS AND METHOD OF MAKING THEREOF 审中-公开
    纤维素材料及其制备方法及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：WO2011035310A2

    公开(公告)日：2011-03-24

    申请号：PCT/US2010/049675

    申请日：2010-09-21

    Applicant: VIRGINIA TECH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, INC. ,  EDGAR, Kevin ,  KAR, Nilanjana

    Inventor： EDGAR, Kevin ,  KAR, Nilanjana

    IPC: C08B11/12 ,  C08B3/06 ,  C08B15/04

    CPC classification number: C08B3/16 ,  C08B3/12 ,  C08B13/00 ,  C08B15/005

    Abstract: The present invention relates to esters of diacids and cellulosic materials and methods for making thereof. The ester has the chemical composition of Formula (I) Formula I where R1, R2, and R3 can be the same or different, and each of which is selected from -H, -COR', -R'", or -COR" COOH, with the proviso that at least one of the R1, R2, or R3 is -COR" COOH; R' is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aromatic group; R" is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms (≥C 4 ); and R'" is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, polyol, or aromatic group.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及二酸和纤维素材料的酯及其制备方法。 酯具有式（I）式I的化学组成，其中R 1，R 2和R 3可以相同或不同，并且各自选自-H，-COR'，-R'“或-COR” COOH，条件是R 1，R 2或R 3中的至少一个为-COR“COOH; R'为烷基，烯基，炔基或芳族基团; R”为具有4个碳原子的烷基，烯基或炔基 或更多的碳原子（= C4）; 和R'“是烷基，烯基，炔基，多元醇或芳基。

    MULTI-PARAMETER X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
    95.
    发明申请
    MULTI-PARAMETER X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 审中-公开
    多参数X射线计算机图像

    公开(公告)号：WO2010141839A2

    公开(公告)日：2010-12-09

    申请号：PCT/US2010/037432

    申请日：2010-06-04

    Applicant: VIRGINIA TECH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, INC. ,  WANG, Ge ,  CONG, Wenxiang

    Inventor： WANG, Ge ,  CONG, Wenxiang

    IPC: A61B6/03

    CPC classification number: A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4291 ,  A61B6/583

    Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of x-ray imaging. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to methods, systems, and apparatus for imaging, which can be used in a wide range of applications, including medical imaging, security screening, and industrial non-destructive testing to name a few. Specifically provided as embodiments of the invention are systems for x-ray imaging comprising: a) a first collimator-and-detector assembly having a first operable configuration to provide at least one first dataset comprising primary x-ray signals as a majority component of its data capable of being presented as a first image of an object subjected to x-ray imaging; b) a second collimator-and-detector assembly having a second operable configuration or wherein the first collimator-and-detector assembly is adjustable to a second configuration to provide at least one second dataset comprising primary and dark- field x-ray signals as a majority component of its data capable of being presented as a second image of the object; and c) a computer operably coupled with the collimator-and- detector assemblies comprising a computer readable medium embedded with processing means for combining the first dataset and the second dataset to extract the dark-field x-ray signals and produce a target image having higher contrast quality than the images based on the first or second dataset alone. Such systems can be configured to comprise at least two collimator-and- detector assemblies or configurations differing with respect to collimator height, collimator aperture, imaging geometry, or distance between an object subjected to the imaging and the collimator-and-detector assembly.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及X射线成像领域。 更具体地，本发明的实施例涉及用于成像的方法，系统和装置，其可以用于广泛的应用，包括医学成像，安全性筛选和工业非破坏性测试等等。 作为本发明的实施例具体提供的是用于x射线成像的系统，包括：a）第一准直仪和检测器组件，其具有第一可操作配置，以提供至少一个第一数据集，所述第一数据集包括主X射线信号作为其主要成分 能够被呈现为经受x射线成像的物体的第一图像的数据; b）具有第二可操作构型的第二准直器和检测器组件，或者其中第一准直器和检测器组件可调节到第二配置，以提供至少一个包含主场和暗场x射线信号的第二数据集，作为 其数据的多数分量能够被呈现为对象的第二图像; 以及c）与所述准直器和检测器组件可操作地耦合的计算机，其包括嵌入有用于组合所述第一数据集和所述第二数据集以提取所述暗场x射线信号并且产生具有更高的目标图像的处理装置的计算机可读介质 对比质量比基于第一或第二数据集的图像单独。 这样的系统可以被配置为包括关于准直器高度，准直器孔径，成像几何形状或经受成像的物体与准直器和检测器组件之间的距离不同的至少两个准直器和检测器组件或构造。

    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LIGNOCELLULOSE PRETREATMENT USING A SUPER-CELLULOSE-SOLVENT AND HIGHLY VOLATILE SOLVENTS
    97.
    发明申请
    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LIGNOCELLULOSE PRETREATMENT USING A SUPER-CELLULOSE-SOLVENT AND HIGHLY VOLATILE SOLVENTS 审中-公开
    使用超细纤维素溶剂和高挥发性溶剂的纤维素预处理方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：WO2009114843A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-09-17

    申请号：PCT/US2009/037234

    申请日：2009-03-16

    Applicant: VIRGINIA TECH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES, INC. ,  ZHANG, Y.-H., Percival

    Inventor： ZHANG, Y.-H., Percival

    IPC: C08B15/08 ,  C13K1/00 ,  C08B37/14 ,  D21C3/04

    CPC classification number: C08B1/003 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/22 ,  Y02E50/17 ,  Y02E50/30

    Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention overcome the well-known recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass in an economically viable manner. A process and a system are provided for the efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The cellulose and hemicellulose thus obtained are highly amorphous and can be readily converted into highly concentrated mixtures of five and six carbon sugars using known methods. Typical yields of sugars exceed 100 grams of sugars per liter of sugar solution. Other products, such as alcohols, can easily be prepared according to methods of the invention. The modest process conditions and low solvent/solid ratios of some embodiments of the invention require relatively low capital and processing costs.

    Abstract translation: 本发明的实施方案以经济上可行的方式克服了众所周知的木质纤维素生物质的不耐性。 提供了一种方法和系统，用于将木质纤维素生物质有效分级成纤维素，半纤维素和木质素。 由此获得的纤维素和半纤维素是高度无定形的，并且可以使用已知方法容易地转化成高度浓缩的五至六个碳糖的混合物。 糖的典型产率每升糖溶液超过100克糖。 其他产品，如醇，可以根据本发明的方法容易地制备。 本发明的一些实施方案的适度的工艺条件和低溶剂/固体比需要相对低的资本和加工成本。

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