Abstract:
A method and apparatus, in one example, relates to a system and method for the generation of very low-tar, high-energy synthesis gas from a large variety of carbonaceous feedstock, including those with higher moisture levels than conventional gasifiers. The system comprises a gasification reactor (12) wherein a portion of the energy of the output syngas of the reactor is used to heat the gasification zone of the reactor (12) via an annular space (18) surrounding the gasification zone of the gasifier (12), to maintain a temperature condition above 800°C. The maintenance of a long, quasi-uniform high-temperature gasification zone reduces the amount of input air or oxygen, reduces bridging within the gasifier, cracks pyrolysis oils, increases the conversion of char, minimizes heat losses from the bed, and converts moisture within the packed bed (14) into a gasification medium. This results in a very low tar synthesis gas with less nitrogen dilution and higher energy content than conventional gasifiers. The reduction in bridging reduces operating costs.
Abstract:
A process (10) for co-producing power and hydrocarbons includes in a wet gasification stage (70), gasifying coal to produce a combustion gas (86) at elevated pressure comprising at least H2 and CO; enriching (72) a first portion of the combustion gas with H2 to produce an H2-enriched gas (88); and generating power (77) from a second portion of the combustion gas. In a dry gasification stage (16), coal is gasified to produce a synthesis gas precursor (36) at elevated pressure comprising at least H2 and CO. At least a portion of the H2-enriched gas (88) is mixed with the synthesis gas precursor (36) to provide a synthesis gas for hydrocarbon synthesis, with hydrocarbons being synthesised (20, 22) from the synthesis gas. In certain embodiments, the process (10) produces a CO2 exhaust stream (134) for sequestration or capturing for further use.
Abstract:
Es wird ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Gasturbine (11) vorgestellt, welche insbesondere in einem Kombikraftwerk (30) eingesetzt ist, bei welchem Verfahren durch die Gasturbine (11) Luft angesaugt und verdichtet wird, die verdichtete Luft zur Verbrennung eines aus Kohle gewonnenen Syngases einer Brennkammer (18, 19) zugeführt wird, und die bei der Verbrennung entstehenden heissen Gase in einer nachfolgenden Turbine (16, 17) unter Verrichtung von Arbeit entspannt werden, wobei ein Teil der verdichteten Luft in Sauerstoff und Stickstoff zerlegt wird, und der Sauerstoff in einer Kohlevergasungsanlage (34) zur Erzeugung des Syngases eingesetzt wird. Bei einem solchen Verfahren wird eine Verringerung der NOx-Emission ohne merklichen Verlust an Leistung und Flexibilität des Betriebes dadurch erreicht, dass eine Gasturbine (11) mit Zwischenüberhitzung verwendet wird, welche zwei Brennkammern (18, 19) und zwei Turbinen (16, 17) umfasst, wobei in der ersten Brennkammer (18) Syngas unter Einsatz der verdichteten Luft verbrannt und die entstehenden heissen Gase in der ersten Turbine (16) entspannt werden, und wobei in der zweiten Brennkammer Syngas unter Einsatz der aus der ersten Turbine (16) kommenden Gase verbrannt und die entstehenden heissen Gase in der zweiten Turbine (17) entspannt werden, die beiden Brennkammern (18, 19) mit unverdünntem Syngas betrieben werden, und die Flammentemperatur (T F ) in der ersten Brennkammer (18) der Gasturbine (11) gegenüber dem Betrieb mit Erdgas (T NG ) abgesenkt wird, während die zweite Brennkammer (19) weitgehend im für Erdgas ausgelegten Normalbetrieb (T NG ) gefahren wird.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process and system for gasifying biomass or other carbonaceous feedstocks in an indirectly heated gasifÊer and provides a method for the elimination of condensable organic materials (tars) from the resulting product gas with an integrated tar removal step. More specifically, this tar removal step utilizes the circulating heat carrier to crack the organics and produce additional product gas. As a benefit of the above process, and because the heat carrier circulates through alternating steam and oxidizing zones in the process, deactivation of the cracking reactions is eliminated.
Abstract:
Blocks of organic material (58) are fed from a plurality of directions into a reactor (10) having three zones (16, 18, 19). The material forms a bed (70) atop a bed of consumable carbon catalyst (60). These beds are heated by a series of plasma arc torches (42) mounted in inlets (37) about the reactor. Gas is supplied via inlets (39, 41) from wind drums (38, 40). The superheated gas from the reaction is vented through an outlet (30) and is used to produce electrical energy.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for treating wastes by two-stage gasification recovers metals or ash content in the wastes in such a state that they can be recycled, and gases containing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) for use as synthesis gas of ammonia (NH3) or production of hydrogen gas. The wastes are gasified in a fluidized-bed reactor (3) at a low temperature. Then, gaseous material and char produced in the fluidized-bed reactor (3) are introduced into the high-temperature combustor (17), and gasified at a high temperature and ash content is converted into molten slag. After water scrubbing and CO conversion reaction, the gas is separated into H2 and residual gas. The residual gas is then supplied to the fluidized-bed reactor (3) as a fluidizing gas.
Abstract:
A method of providing fuel suitable for the generation of electrical power, which comprises: (i) subjecting a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to delayed coking to yield coke and liquid hydrocarbon output; (ii) gasifying coke, produced in step (i), to yield synthesis gas; (iii) removing hydrogen sulfide from synthesis gas produced in step (ii); (iv) recovering hydrogen from synthesis gas subjected to the hydrogen-sulfide-removal of step (iii); (v) hydrotreating liquid hydrocarbon output produced in step (i), a substantial amount of the hydrogen used in said hydrotreatment being hydrogen recovered in step (iv); and (vi) transporting liquid hydrocarbon output subjected to step (v), and synthesis gas subjected to step (iii) and/or both steps (iii) and (iv), for use as fuel in a combustion turbine adapted for the generation of electrical power; and further a method of generating electrical power, and systems for producing said fuel and generating electrical power.
Abstract:
Method and apparatus for using biofuel or waste material or both for energy production. The biofuel or waste material is gasified in a fluidized bed gasifier (10), preferably a circulating fluidized bed gasifier. The gas produced in the gasifier is introduced into a boiler (12) equipped with fossil fuel burners (28, 28', 28''), typically burners for pulverized coal. The gas is introduced at a level above the burners. Ash from the boiler may be used to form the bed of the gasifier. For control of NOx, the gas is burnt in the upper part of the boiler at a low temperature level of 800 - 1050 DEG C (1472 - 1922F), preferably 850 - 900 DEG C (1562 - 1652F), and with a small excess air content of about 5 - 10 %. In a second embodiment, the raw gas may be cleaned of harmful or noxious components, and cooled if desired, between the gasifier and the boiler in an additional circulating fluidized bed reactor (152) having a bed of coal ash.
Abstract:
A method of charging a pyrolytic gas-producing reactor with waste fuel wherein the waste fuel is forced into the reactor by a ram and wherein air is prevented from entering the reactor and pyrolysis gases are prevented from escaping from the reactor by means of an ablative seal which is positioned between the fuel and the ram and which is forced by the action of the ram on the fuel charge into the reactor whilst in sealing engagement with the internal walls of the reactor; the seal being made of a material which will resist the high temperature and chemical conditions in the reactor for at least as long a period as is required for the seal to perform its sealing function and which is thereafter thermally decomposed into products which are not detrimental to the pyrolytic process or to the pyrolytic gases produced by the reactor. Also described is a method of feeding particulate materials into or through a tubular vessel which method comprises urging the material through the vessel, for example by ram means, and preventing or overcoming jamming of the packed particulate material by applying a neutral or negative force to the material at a position on the upstream side of the position at which jamming would otherwise occur.
Abstract:
Apparatus and method for gasification of waste are disclosed. Waste material is fed to the top of a first combustion chamber, and a burning, rotating annular column of waste is supported in the combustion chamber (12). Combustion air is introduced to the first combustion chamber (12) at or below the support (16) for the burning annular column of waste so that the combustion air moves upwardly through the burning column. Combustion gases (B) are withdrawn from the top portion of the first combustion chamber. Particulates are removed and recirculated to the first combustion chamber. The combustion gases are then fed to the top portion of a second combustion chamber (14). Secondary combustion air (104) and optional fuel (106) are fed to the second combustion chamber to complete the gasification process. A relatively clean producer gas (108) is withdrawn from the bottom portion of the secondary combustion chamber.