Abstract:
A mediated electrochemical oxidation process is used to treat, oxidize and dispose of animal waste materials. Animal waste materials are introduced into an apparatus for contacting the waste with an electrolyte containing the oxidized form of one or more reversible redox couples, at least one of which is produced electrochemically at the anode (19) of an electrochemical cell (17). The oxidized species of the redox couples oxidize the organic waste molecules and are themselves converted to their reduced form, whereupon they are reoxidized. The waste treatment process takes place at a temperature range from room temperature up to a temperature slightly below the boiling point of the electrolyte solution and can be enhanced by the addition of reaction enhancements, such as: ultrasonic energy and/or ultraviolet radiation.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for simultaneously conducting a hydrothermal reaction and electrolysis in the presence of ions of a strong acid, such as halide ions. The apparatus comprises a reactor having a pair of electrodes inside. An oxidizing agent such as oxygen gas may be added. Even low-molecular compounds, e.g., acetic acid and ammonia, can be easily decomposed thereby.
Abstract:
The invention relates a method and a device for treating an aqueous solution, in which a pulsed electric field is generated in the aqueous solution between two electrodes. In accordance with the invention, at least one of the electrodes is covered with a layer of a dielectric material which, during operation of the device, completely separates this (these) electrodes(s) from the aqueous solution. This measure in accordance with the invention enables fields strengths to be used which are much higher than those permissible in the known devices. The use of an oxygen-containing gas and a bipolarly pulsed electric field leads to a further improvement of the method in accordance with the invention.
Abstract:
The apparatus consists of one ore more electrolytic cells (1, 50) containing electrodes (6, 7; 51, 52) made out of metal foils perforated with a very large number of microscopical holes through which the electrolyte (8) is being sprayed or pumped, whereby is created a large contact area between the electrolyte and the electricity conductive electrode material, which promotes the electrochemical and electrostatic influences in the liquid correspondingly. The apparatus can be used for the production of bleaching and oxidizing liquids, both "in-line" and "off-line" for de-lignification and/or bleaching of cellulose fibres or other solids in suspensions, or for oxidizing of organic compounds in liquids in connection with COD-reduction or desinfection. The apparatus can also be applied for electrostatic effects on fines, colloids and chemicals in liquids, and thereby influence surface tensions, transfer of charges, electrokinetics and adsorption. Other perspective fields of application can be as elements in the construction of galvanic cells or fuel cells.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a desalinization device (10; 110) comprising a gas diffusion anode (12; 112) suitable to transform hydrogen H 2 into Η + hydrogen ions; a gas diffusion cathode (14; 114) connected through an electrical connection (11) to said gas diffusion anode and suitable to transform oxygen O 2 into OH . hydroxide ions; a system to feed said gas diffusion anode with hydrogen; a system to feed said gas diffusion cathode with oxygen; a cation exchange membrane (18; 118); and an anion exchange membrane (16; 116). The cathode (14; 114) is contained in a cathodic chamber (28; 128) suitable to contain or containing a catholyte. The anode (12; 112) is contained in an anodic chamber (26; 126) suitable to contain or containing an anolyte. The anodic chamber (26; 126) and the cathodic chamber (28; 228) are separated by the cation exchange membrane (18; 118) and by the anion exchange membrane (16; 116) which in turn are separated by a third chamber (30; 130) suitable to contain or containing an aqueous salt solution, where the cation exchange membrane (18; 118) is simultaneously a wall or a part thereof of the cathodic chamber (28; 128) and of the third chamber (30; 130) so that there can be a salt cation passage from the third chamber (30, 130) to the cathodic chamber (28; 128); and where the anion exchange membrane (16; 116) is simultaneously a wall or a part thereof of the anodic chamber (16; 116) and of the third chamber (30; 130) so that there can be a salt anion passage from the third chamber (30; 130) to the anodic chamber (16; 116). A related desalinization process is also described.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and to a device for producing aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions, which method and device avoid the use of chlorates and chlorites as starting materials and make it possible to obtain a chlorine dioxide solution in aqueous solution, which chlorine dioxide solution can be used, for example, as a disinfectant, from chlorine and ionized air containing oxygen ions by using potable water and possibly sols. The required chlorine can be provided electrolytically within the same plant. The associated device comprises a reactor (10), in which water, chlorine, and oxygen ions result in chlorine dioxide, and a unit (20) connected upstream for producing oxygen ions. Furthermore, it is preferred that a chlorine electrolytic cell and an apparatus for applying gas containing oxygen ions to sols are integrated in the plant.
Abstract:
본 발명은 이산화탄소를 해수에 용해시켜 해수의 pH를 낮추고 이산화탄소 미세기포로 변환한 후, 이렇게 해수의 pH가 낮아지면 전기 분해시 발생되는 총 산화물질 중 산화력이 우수한 HOCl의 존재 비율이 증가되므로, 동일 TRO 농도 조건에서 기존의 전해수 처리방식의 선박평형수 처리장치에 비해 살균 효율을 증가시킬 수 있는 이산화탄소를 이용한 고효율 전기분해 선박평형수 처리장치 및 처리방법을 제공한다.
Abstract:
A method for electrolytically generating a biocide having an electron deficient carrier fluid and chlorine dioxide, including providing a carrier fluid; providing a pair of electrodes interposed by a semi-permeable membrane within a vessel for creating a first passageway and a second passageway, an anode electrode of the pair of electrodes disposed in the first passageway, cathode electrode of the pair of electrodes disposed in the second passageway; flowing the carrier fluid through the vessel; applying an electric potential to the pair of electrodes to produce an oxidative acidic fluid, a reductive alkaline fluid, and anodic gases in the container; removing the fluids and gases from the vessel; mixing a portion of the anodic gases with the reductive alkaline fluid to produce a hypochlorite solution; and mixing a chlorite brine with the hypochlorite solution, followed by the introduction of additional oxidative acidic fluid to release the biocide.
Abstract:
Apparatus for sanitizing a water stream comprises a first electrolysis cell which produces ions with algaecidal and bactericidal properties and a second electrolysis cell which oxidizes water to produce hydrogen peroxide. The first cell has copper electrodes and the second cell has titanium electrodes and the polarity of the electrodes is periodically reversed at a frequency of from three to nine minutes. Air is introduced into the stream prior to entering the cells.
Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von elektroaktiviertem Wasser, welches in einem geschlossenen Behältnis (9) bei einer Lagertemperatur von 15°C bis 25°C während wenigstens 3 Monaten eine keimreduzierende, keimabtötende Wirkung aufweist, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass man Wasser in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf (7) mehrmals durch eine Ionisations-Vorrichtung (2) pumpt, wobei dem Kreislauf-Wasser in beliebiger Reihenfolge eine Natriumchlorid-Lösung und gasförmiges Kohlenstoffdioxid zudosiert werden, wobei eine Kontroll- und Steuerungs-Einheit (3) die Stromstärke und die Spannung in der genannten Ionisations-Vorrichtung (2) sowie die Durchflussgeschwindigkeit und die Zugabe der Menge der Natriumchlorid-Lösung und der Menge des gasförmigen Kohlenstoffdioxids bezüglich vorbestimmter Werte kontrolliert und steuert, und dass man anschliessend das so erhaltene Produkt, also das elektroaktivierte Wasser, entweder in ein Behältnis (9) abfüllt und verschliesst oder direkt verwendet.