摘要:
Method for treating effluent waste from a cation-exchange column regeneration cycle, including backwashing the column; regenerating the column using rinse water and regenerant brine having a temperature warmer than room temperature, thereby forming waste effluent containing divalent cations; precipitating the divalent cations in a precipitation reactor at a temperature warmer than room temperature; filtering precipitation effluent; optionally, adjusting the filtered precipitation effluent pH; concentrating the filtered precipitation effluent via membrane-based water recovery, thereby forming separated concentrated salt and pure rinse water; and recirculating separated concentrated salt and pure rinse water back to the column for a subsequent regeneration cycle. Also, a system including an exhausted cation-exchange column; a chemical precipitation reactor; a filtration unit; an optional pH adjustment unit; and a membrane-based water recovery unit, wherein the system is a closed-loop through which salt and rinse water having a temperature warmer than room temperature recirculate.
摘要:
본 발명은 막 오염을 감소시키거나 또는 제거하기 위한 기계적 막 왕복 시스템을 포함하는 막 여과 시스템에 관한 것이다. 기술된 막 여과 시스템은 공기 정련을 사용하는 막 여과 시스템들에 비해 더 높은 플럭스 및 더 낮은 오염으로 운전될 수 있다. 게다가 시스템은 하나의 RAS 및 하나 내부 재순환 라인으로 또는 내부 재순환 라인 없이 질소 및 인을 제거할 수 있다. 왕복 운동을 생성하기 위하여 여러 기계적 수단들이 또한 채용될 수 있다.
摘要:
A method of producing purified water in a subsurface environment is provided in which ambient subsurface source water is introduced into and through one or more ultrafiltration membrane units of a subsurface water treatment system and producing thereby an ultrafiltrate substantially free of solid particulates having a largest dimension greater than 0.1 microns. An electrochemical unit in fluid communication with at least one ultrafiltration membrane unit provides an antifoulant solution. An ultrafiltrate-rich backwash fluid and at least a portion of the antifoulant solution are delivered to at least one non-producing ultrafiltration membrane unit during a backwash cycle. A flux of source fluid through each of the ultrafiltration membrane units of less than thirty gallons per square foot per day limits the need for backwash cycles. A reduction in the number of backwash cycles enhances system autonomy and useful life, and limits the need for intervention for maintenance and component replacement.
摘要:
Procedimiento de tratamiento de corrientes acuosas salinas, en particular de efluentes salinos, mediante destilación por membrana con tratamientos previos, para eliminar la dureza cálcica total y la dureza cálcica permanente y la presencia de sulfatos en efluentes salinos, más particularmente en salmueras residuales de plantas desaladoras. El sistema permite concentrar las salmueras por encima de 37% en peso, es decir, por encima de la saturación, lo que permite reducir considerablemente el volumen de la salmuera, adecuarla para otros usos industriales y producir agua pura.
摘要:
ABSTRACT The water filtration system may include a support base. A first receptacle may be detachably disposed on the support base and configured to store source water. A second receptacle may be detachably disposed on the support base and configured to store supply water. A filter system may be disposed between the first receptacle and the second receptacle.
摘要:
The present invention concerns a method of reducing fouling and increasing the efficiency of microfiltration and ultrafiltration systems by adding an effective amount of a tannin-based polymer to wastewater containing high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS), such as produced water, prior to filtration. Additional pretreatment to separate out and remove coagulated solids before filtration is not required. Typically, the tannin polymer used in treating the process water is a modified tannin comprised of a Mannich reaction product of an amine, an aldehyde, and a tannin.
摘要:
The present invention provides a draw solute for forward osmosis comprising a carbon dioxide responsive structural unit and a thermally responsive structural unit, wherein the draw solute is capable of reversibly switching between a protonated state and a deprotonated state. The present invention also provides a forward osmosis method utilising the draw solute.