Abstract:
The invention pertains to a system for operating parallel reactors, which comprises: -a plurality of reactor assemblies, each reactor assembly comprising: -a flow-through reactor -a reactor feed line, -a reactor effluent line, -a primary fluid source, -a flow splitter which is arranged downstream of the primary fluid source and upstream of the reactor assemblies, and wherein all passive flow restrictors have an substantially equal resistance to fluid flow wherein the system further comprises a feed line pressure measurement device, wherein in each effluent line an individually controllable backpressure regulator is provided, and wherein further a pressure control arrangement is provided, said pressure control arrangement being linked to said feed line pressure measurement device and said backpressure regulators, said pressure control arrangement comprising an input device allowing to input a feed line pressure setpoint, said desired feed line pressure being the same for all reactor assemblies, wherein said pressure control arrangement is adapted to individually control the backpressure regulators such that the measured feed line pressure becomes substantially the same as the feed line pressure setpoint, and therewith substantially the same as the feed line pressures in the other reactor assemblies.
Abstract:
A system and method for the treatment of biomass comprising mixing a biomass with an ionic liquid (IL) to swell the biomass and electromagnetic (EM) heating, preferably radiofrequency (RF) heating or infrared (IR) heating, said biomass. Additionally, a method of acidolysis of biomass comprising mixing biomass in an ionic liquid (IL) to swell the biomass; adding an acid, to lower the pH of the biomass below pH 7; applying radio frequency (RF) heating or infrared (IR) heating to the biomass to heat to a target temperature range; applying ultrasonic heating, electromagnetic (EM) heating, convective heating, conductive heating, or combinations thereof, to the biomass to maintain the biomass at a target temperature range; washing the treated biomass; and recovering sugars and release lignin.
Abstract:
A system for preparing nanoparticles is described. The system can include a reactor for producing a nanoparticle aerosol comprising nanoparticles in a gas. The system also includes a diffusion pump that has a chamber with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the chamber is in fluid communication with an outlet of the reactor. The diffusion pump also includes a reservoir in fluid communication with the chamber for supporting a diffusion pump fluid and a heater for vaporizing the diffusion pump fluid in the reservoir to a vapor. In addition, the diffusion pump has a jet assembly in fluid communication with the reservoir having a nozzle for discharging the vaporized diffusion pump fluid into the chamber. The system can further include a vacuum pump in fluid communication with the outlet of the chamber. A method of preparing nanoparticles is also provided.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a plant for production of hydrogen peroxide by the autoxidation process (AO-process), the process comprising hydrogenating an anthraquinone in a working solution, oxidizing the hydrogenated anthraquinone with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide and extracting the hydrogen peroxide from the working solution, the plant comprising at least one skid mounted module selected from the group consisting of a skid mounted module comprising at least one hydrogenator (hydrogenation reactor) to hydrogenate the anthraquinone in the working solution(hydrogenation skid 1);a skid mounted module comprising at least one oxidizer (oxidation reactor) to oxidize the hydrogenated anthraquinone with oxygen to form hydrogenperoxide (oxidizer skid 2);optionally a skid mounted module comprising at least one means to compress air (process air compressor skid 3), to feed oxygen, in particular oxygen from the air, into an oxidizer of skid 2, and in case of presence of skid 3 a further skid mounted module comprising at least one means to recover the solvent (solvent recovery unit skid 4), in particular if oxygen from the air is used to feed oxygen into an oxidizer of skid 2;a skid mounted module comprising at least one means to extract the hydrogen peroxide from the working solution (extraction skid 5);a skid mounted module (skid 6), comprising at least one means to deliver hydrogen peroxide solution to the point of use and/or optionally to a storage tank optionally with additional means for adjusting the hydrogen peroxide concentration. Preferably it is a modular reactor system which is configured to operate without a reversion unit as a small-to-medium scale mini- AO process plant with a production capacity of hydrogen peroxide of up to 20 kilo tons per year and which can be controlled also remotely.
Abstract:
Processes for continuous preparation of bioproducts are described herein. The processes include contacting fatty acid glycerides with alcohols in the presence of an acidic heterogeneous catalyst and separating the fatty acid alkyl esters from the reaction products.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for on-site generation of peracid chemistry, including temperature control of the same, namely peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions, are disclosed. In particular, an adjustable biocide formulator or generator system is designed for on-site generation of peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions from sugar esters. Methods of using the in situ generated peroxycarboxylic acids and peroxycarboxylic acid forming compositions are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy is below the threshold level.
Abstract:
Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy is below the threshold level.
Abstract:
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines methanreichen Produktgases, bei dem man ein Wasserstoff und Kohlendioxid enthaltendes Eduktgas unter Einfluss wenigstens eines ein stellbaren Parameters in wenigstens zwei Stufen katalytisch methanisiert und wenigstens ein die Zusammensetzung des Produktgases betreffendes Kriterium überwacht, wobei das Kriterium unter einer das Verfahren beeinflussenden Bedingung erfüllt ist, wobei man bei einer Änderung der Bedingung eine die Erfüllung des Kriteriums wahrende Änderung der Einstellung des Parameters vornimmt.