Abstract:
For imaging, an electromagnetic radiation sensor is used to produce an output when illuminated by a modulated laser light. In use, the output is determined by a laser Doppler signal illuminating the sensor. Various examples are described for achieving integration of on-chip processing onto the substrate providing the sensor. In one example, the output of the sensor is a logarithmic function of the illuminating laser Doppler signal. In another example, the output of the sensor is normalized. In another example, an amplifier arrangement is provided to amplify the output of the sensor, the amplifier gain being lower at DC than at the frequency range of the laser Doppler signal. In another example, a filter is integrated into the semiconductor device. In another example, a bandpass filter and frequency weighted filter are provided, and their outputs are processed to average values over time.
Abstract:
Polarized light is used to illuminate a body (34), and the polarization of the scattered light is analysed using an analyzer (38) and camera (36). Analysis is made of the cross-polarized component of scattered incident linearly polarized light, and the polarization maintaining component of scattered incident circularly polarized light. These components, which do not contain surface reflected light, are processed to remove the components of multiply scattered light, thereby enabling analysis of only the weakly scattered light from superficial regions of the body.
Abstract:
Methods, program products, and systems implementing dynamic parsing rules are disclosed. Log data from a variety of log producers can be parsed using parsing rules to generate information about an information system. The parsing rules can include system parsing rules and custom parsing rules. A state machine can be used to detect conflicts between various parsing rules. A central server can distribute the system parsing rules and custom parsing rules to one or more remote servers for distributed processing. In a hierarchical parsing system, a first tier parser can be used to identify types of sources generating the log data. Log data from each type of log source can be sent to a second tier parser that corresponds to the type of log source.
Abstract:
For imaging, an electromagnetic radiation sensor is used to produce an output when illuminated by a modulated laser light. In use, the output is determined by a laser Doppler signal illuminating the sensor. Various examples are described for achieving integration of on-chip processing onto the substrate providing the sensor. In one example, the output of the sensor is a logarithmic function of the illuminating laser Doppler signal. In another example, the output of the sensor is normalized. In another example, an amplifier arrangement is provided to amplify the output of the sensor, the amplifier gain being lower at DC than at the frequency range of the laser Doppler signal. In another example, a filter is integrated into the semiconductor device. In another example, a bandpass filter and frequency weighted filter are provided, and their outputs are processed to average values over time.
Abstract:
The invention is a method and apparatus for on-line measurement of polymer properties such as moisture content, ethylene content, Epoxidized Soy Bean Oil (ESBO) content, calcium stearate content and ethylidene norbornene (ENB) content are disclosed.
Abstract:
A method of determining an overlay error. Measuring an overlay target having process-induced asymmetry. Constructing a model of the target. Modifying the model, e.g., by moving one of the structures to compensate for the asymmetry. Calculating an asymmetry-induced overlay error using the modified model. Determining an overlay error in a production target by subtracting the asymmetry-induced overlay error from a measured overlay error. In one example, the model is modified by varying asymmetry p (n'), p (n'') and the calculating an asymmetry-induced overlay error is repeated for a plurality of scatterometer measurement recipes and the step of determining an overlay error in a production target uses the calculated asymmetry-induced overlay errors to select an optimum scatterometer measurement recipe used to measure the production target.
Abstract:
Apparatus for controlling operation of a component connected in an electrical system comprises: a transmitter (1, 20) comprising a switch (TR1) for electrical connection in a dc battery powered circuit of the electrical system, and means for effecting switching of the switch (TR1) to generate a pulsed signal on the dc circuit due to the back emf generated on switching of the switch (TR1); and a receiver (8, 30) for connection in the dc circuit for detecting the pulsed signal in the circuit and controlling operation of the said component of the electrical system in response to detection of the pulsed signal. The apparatus can be used for enabling and disabling a component connected in the electrical wiring system of a vehicle engine for the purpose of vehicle security.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a safety system for use in relation to an installation in a building (10) comprising an appliance (18, 20) fuelled with combustible material through a supply line (16). The safety system comprises: an electrically operable valve (34) for incorporation in the supply line, at least one detector (22, 24) responsive to conditions indicative of fire in the building, at least one electrically operable valve (34) for incorporation into the supply line, the valve being closable to shut-off fuel flow through the supply line, and a controller (28) configured to receive an emergency signal from the detector upon detection of a fire, and to control the electrically operable valve to close in response to the signal, thereby shutting off fuel flow through the supply line.
Abstract:
An actuator control system(9) for coupling to one or more flight control computers (FCCs) (11, 12,13, 14); comprising:apparatus for controlling an aerodynamic control surface in response to commands received from one or more FCCs, and, integrated with the controlling apparatus, a failure protection system (6) comprising apparatus arranged to provide at least one of the following functionalities: a servo monitor functionality (30), a command monitor functionality (32), and a loop closure functionality (36). Thus, in the overall flight control system (1), some or all of the elements of the failure protection system are located in the actuator control stage.