Abstract:
A method of manufacturing a high surface area per unit weight carbon electrode includes providing a substrate, depositing a carbon-rich material on the substrate to form a film, and after the depositing, activating the carbon-rich material to increase the surface area of the film of carbon-rich material. Due to the activation process being after deposition, this method enables use of low cost carbon-rich material to form a carbon electrode in the capacitor. The electrode may be used in capacitors, ultracapacitors and lithium ion batteries. The substrate may be part of the electrode, or it may be sacrificial - being consumed during the activation process. The carbon-rich material may include any of carbonized material, carbon aerogel and metal oxides, such as manganese and ruthenium oxide. The activation may include exposing the carbon-rich material to carbon dioxide at elevated temperature, in the range of 300 to 900 degrees centigrade. This method may be used to make both symmetric and asymmetric ultracapacitors.
Abstract:
Fabrication of gallium nitride-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with physical vapor deposition (PVD) formed aluminum nitride buffer layers is described. For example, a multi-chamber system includes a physical vapor deposition (PVD) chamber having a target composed of aluminum. A chamber is also included and is adapted to deposit un-doped or n-type gallium nitride, or both. In another example, a method of fabricating a light-emitting diode (LED) structure includes forming an aluminum nitride layer above a substrate in a physical vapor deposition (PVD) chamber of a multi-chamber system. An un-doped or n-type gallium nitride layer is formed on the aluminum nitride layer in a second chamber of the multi-chamber system.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the invention provide a thin single crystalline silicon film solar cell and methods of forming the same. The method includes forming a thin single crystalline silicon layer on a silicon growth substrate, followed by forming front or rear solar cell structures on and/or in the thin single crystalline silicon film. The method also includes attaching the thin single crystalline silicon film to a mechanical carrier and then separating the growth substrate from the thin single crystalline silicon film along a cleavage plane formed between the growth substrate and the thin single crystalline silicon film. Front or rear solar cell structures are then formed on and/or in the thin single crystalline silicon film opposite the mechanical carrier to complete formation of the solar cell.
Abstract:
Additive manufacturing of an object includes dispensing a plurality of successive layers of powder over a top surface of a platform, fusing an object region in each of the plurality of successive layers to form the object, and fusing a brace region in a particular layer from the plurality of layers to form a brace structure to inhibit lateral motion of the powder. The brace structure is spaced apart from the particular object region by a gap of unfused powder.
Abstract:
A method of additive manufacturing to form a component comprises successively depositing a plurality of layers to form the component. Depositing at least one of the plurality of layers includes depositing a layer of a first particulate precursor over a platen, depositing a second particulate precursor on portions of the platen over the layer of the first particulate precursor specified by a controller, and directing energy to the second particulate precursor deposited on the portion of the platen to cause an exothermic chemical reaction between the first particulate precursor and the second particulate precursor. The exothermic chemical reaction produces heat that sinters products of the chemical reaction to fabricate the layer of the component.