Abstract:
A pattern from a patterning device (M) is applied to a substrate (W) by a lithographic apparatus (LA). The applied pattern includes product features and metrology targets (600, 604). The metrology targets include large targets (600a) which are for measuring overlay using X-ray scattering (metrology apparatus 104) and small targets (600b, 604) which are for measuring overlay by diffraction of visible radiation (metrology apparatus 102). Some of the smaller targets (604) are distributed at locations between the larger targets, while other small targets (600b) are placed at the same locations as a large target. By comparing values measured using a small target (600b) and large target (600a) at the same location, parameter values (704) measured using all the small targets can be corrected for better accuracy. The large targets can be located primarily within scribe lanes (SL) while the small targets are distributed within product areas (602, D).
Abstract:
To produce a structured transmissive optical element, a blank (6) of trans- missive optical material is provided and coated with a chrome layer (7) which itself is coated with a hard mask layer (8). The chrome and hard mask layer coated blank (6) then is coated with a resist which is exposed to a structurized beam. The resist is developed and portions of the developed resist are removed according to the structurized exposition. The hard mask layer (8) is etched via the removed portions of the resist with a hard mask etching process gas which is oxygen-free and chlorine-free. Via such etch- ing, portions of the hard mask layer (8) are removed at positions which cor- respond to the positions of the removed portions of the resist. In a compa- rable manner, the chrome layer (7) is etched via a chrome etching process gas containing oxygen and/or chlorine. Again in a comparable manner, the blank (6) is etched via removed portions of the chrome layer (7) with an oxygen-free and chlorine-free blank etching process gas (13) to remove portions of the blank (6) at positions which correspond to the positions of the removed portions of the chrome layer (7). In a last step, the remaining hard mask and chrome layer portions (8, 7) are removed from the etched blank (6). With such method, a structured transmissive optical element having a well-defined pattern structure with high definition and resolution can be produced.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of inspection for defects on a substrate, such as a reflective reticle substrate, and associated apparatuses. The method comprises performing the inspection using first inspection radiation obtained from a high harmonic generation source and having one or more first wavelengths within a first wavelength range of between 20nm and 150nm. Also disclosed is a method comprising performing (310) a coarse inspection using first inspection radiation having one or more first wavelengths within a first wavelength range; and performing (320) a fine inspection using second inspection radiation having one or more second wavelengths within a second wavelength range, said second wavelength range comprising wavelengths shorter than said first wavelength range.
Abstract:
An inspection tool for inspecting a semiconductor substrate is described, the inspection tool comprising: - a substrate table configured to hold the substrate; - an electron beam source configured to project an electron beam onto an area of interest of the substrate; - a cathode-luminesce detector configured to detect cathodoluminescent light emitted from the area of interest; - a control unit configured to: - receive a signal representative of the detected cathodoluminescent light; - determine, based on the signal, a stress distribution of the area of interest.
Abstract:
A method of determining an edge roughness parameter has the steps: (1010) controlling a radiation system to provide a spot of radiation at a measurement position for receiving a substrate; (1020) receiving a measurement signal from a sensor for measuring intensity of a forbidden diffraction order (such as a second order) being diffracted by a metrology target at the measurement position when the metrology target is illuminated by the spot of radiation, the metrology target comprising a repetitive pattern being configured by configuration of a linewidth / pitch ratio (of about 0.5) to control an amount of destructive interference that leads to forbidding of the diffraction order, the sensor being configured to provide the measurement signal based on the measured intensity; and (1040) determining an edge roughness parameter based on the measured intensity of the forbidden diffraction order.
Abstract:
A method of determining a measurement sequence for an inspection tool inspecting a structure generated by a lithographic process performed by a lithographic system is presented, the method comprising: - deriving a model for the lithographic process as performed by the lithographic system, the model including a relationship between an set of system variables describing the lithographic system and an output variable representing the structure resulting of the lithographic process, - determining an observability of one or more system variables in the output variable, and; - determining the measurement sequence for the inspection tool, based on the observability.
Abstract:
A product structure (407, 330') is formed with defects (360-366). A spot (S) of EUV radiation which is at least partially coherent is provided on the product structure (604) to capture at least one diffraction pattern (606) formed by the radiation after scattering by the product structure. Reference data (612) describes a nominal product structure. At least one synthetic image (616) of the product structure is calculated from the captured image data. Data from the synthetic image is compared with the reference data to identify defects (660-666) in the product structure. In one embodiment, a plurality of diffraction patterns are obtained using a series overlapping spots (S(l)-S(N)), and the synthetic image is calculated using the diffraction patterns and knowledge of the relative displacement. The EUV radiation may have wavelengths in the range 5 to 50 nm, close to dimensions of the structures of interest.
Abstract:
A lithographic manufacturing system produces periodic structures with feature sizes less than 10 nm and a direction of periodicity (D). A beam of radiation (1904) having a range of wavelengths in the EUV spectrum (1-100 nm or 1-150 nm) is focused into a spot (S) of around (5) μm diameter. Reflected radiation (1908) is broken into a spectrum (1910) which is captured (1913) to obtain a target spectrum signal (ST). A reference spectrum is detected (1914) to obtain a reference spectrum signal (SR). Optionally a detector (1950) is provided to obtain a further spectrum signal (SF) using radiation diffracted at first order by the grating structure of the target. The angle of incidence (a) and azimuthal angle (φ) are adjustable. The signals (ST, SR, SF) obtained at one or more angles are used to calculate measured properties of the target, for example CD and overlay.
Abstract:
A scatterometer is used to measure a property of structures on a substrate. A target grating comprises lines arranged periodically over an distance g p in a first direction, each line individually extending a distance gL in a second direction. The grating is illuminated with a spot of radiation and diffracted radiation is detected and used to calculate a measurement of CD, side wall angle and the like. The spot defines a field of view customized to the grating such that an extent f P of the spot in said first direction is greater than distance g p while an extent f L of the spot in said second direction is less than distance g L - The grating may be smaller than conventional gratings. The calculation can be simplified and made more robust, using a mathematical model that assumes that the grating is finite in the first direction but infinite in the second direction.
Abstract:
A method of calculating electromagnetic scattering properties of a structure represented as a nominal structure and a structural perturbation, the method comprising a step (1008) of numerically solving a volume integral equation comprising a nominal linear system to determine a nominal vector field being independent with respect to the structural perturbation; a step (1010) of using a perturbed linear system to determine an approximation of a vector field perturbation arising from the structural perturbation, by solving a volume integral equation or an adjoint linear system. Matrix-vector multiplication of a nominal linear system matrix convolution operator may be restricted to sub-matrices; and a step (1012) of calculating electromagnetic scattering properties of the structure using the determined nominal vector field and the determined approximation of the vector field perturbation.