Abstract:
A luminescence based water quality sensor system (10) comprises a dual sensor material (300) having at least one layer of two indicator sensor dyes (301,302) that display two largely different decay times in a single hydrogel matrix, in which each indicator sensor dyes measures a specific analyte relating to water quality, a light source (100) which provides photon source to the dual sensor material (300), an excitation source (200) which includes a polarization controller (201) to modulate and polarize the light source (100), and a detector unit (400) having a spectral filter (401) to filter the emission wavelength before detecting by a photodetector (402). The changes of the analyte to be measured quenches the luminescence emission of a sensor dye. The sensor system (10) allows for a real-time and simultaneous calculation of the concentration of at least two analytes to be measured.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a nanostructured double-sided super capacitor device dial comprises a substrate, a first metal catalyst layer disposed on top of the substrate, an electric conductive layer disposed and etched on top of the first metal catalyst layer to form a plurality of finger electrodes and contact pads, wherein the plurality of the finger electrodes are configured to be interdigitated, a second metal catalyst layer disposed on the top of the finger electrodes; wherein, when the second metal catalyst layer is disposed, the substrate is etched to expose the first metal catalyst layer underneath of the finger electrodes, so that the top and bottom surfaces of the finger electrodes are exposed, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) extending from the exposed first and second metal catalyst layers of the finger electrodes, electrolyte filled into the finger electrodes and CNTs, and an encapsulating bottom and top encapsulating the interdigitated finger electrodes, CNTs and electrolyte to produce the nanostructured double-sided super capacitor device. The present invention also provides a process of fabricating the nano structured double sided super capacitor.
Abstract:
A heat sink in an electronic circuit board (PCB) comprising a plurality of PCB layers (10) wherein a first PCB layer (100) is mountable with a plurality of electronic components (140) is provided, characterized in that, the heat sink includes at least one optical component (102) mountable on a first heat spreader (103), by a thermal cohesive means (104), wherein the first heat spreader (103) is attachable to the first PCB layer (100), a second PCB layer (110) is thermally conductible to the first PCB layer (100) by at least one thermal via (112), a third PCB layer (120) is thermally conductible to the second PCB layer (110) by the at least one thermal via (112), a bottom PCB layer (130) is thermally conductible to the third PCB layer (120) by the at least one thermal via (112), such that heat is conductible through the plurality of PCB layers (10) for enhanced thermal dissipation from the plurality of electronic components (140).
Abstract:
A refraction method and a compound lens is disclosed for concentrating solar beam in a non-imaging manner for its heat to be harvested and utilized, for example, for generating electricity with thermo-electric or thermocouple circuit when its hot junction is heated. Solar beam (SI), which may be collected over a wide span of the sun's movement without need for tracking, is first refracted with a first positive refractory element which may preferably be an asperical biconvex lens (11). The exiting, i.e. second solar beam (S2), at a still convergent angle is then refracted by a second negative refractory element which may preferably be a biconcave lens (12). The exiting, i.e. third solar beam (S3), converges upon a third positive refractory element, preferably another aspherical biconvex lens (13), which concentrates the exiting solar beam (S4) onto the predetermined heat collection surface area (120). The sum of all the curvature surfaces of the compound lens times the indices of refraction is about zero such that the field of focus is flat. Preferably, the sum of refractive powers of the first and third aspherical biconvex lenses is substantially counter-balanced by the refractive power of the second biconcave lens placed thereinbetween said first and third lenses.
Abstract:
A method of fabricating an energy harvesting means, the method includes the steps of depositing a metal conducting element (200) on a substrate (100), patterning the metal conducting element (200) such that a layer of metal with a plurality of grooves (220) are produced, depositing a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) layer (300) on the metal conducting element (200), depositing a layer of air-electrode (400) on the SPE layer (300), patterning the layer of air-electrode (400) and the SPE layer (300) to produce grooves (420) connecting the metal conducting element (200), growing a conductive layer (500) between the metal conducting element (200), the SPE layer (300) and the layer of air-electrode (400), patterning the conductive layer (500) and the layer of air-electrode (400) to connect to the SPE layer (300) by a plurality of grooves (520) and forming a non-conductive layer (600) between the layer of air-electrode (400) and the plurality of layers, wherein the method includes connecting terminals and encapsulation of the energy harvesting means.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a thermoelectric generator for soil sensor mote (20). In the ambient energy harvester, a lens (32) and heat trap compartment (36) provides light concentration (40) which increases the temperature gradient between the ground layers and ground surface (26) of the earth's soil which is detected by cold junction (22) and hot junction (24) respectively. A charge is developed and accumulated in the thermal element (40). The harvested power is then transformed to electrical potential. The micro thermal energy harvester in the soil sensor mote (20) device shall replace the usage of batteries, works even in rain and dry spells seasons, eliminate maintenance drawback and improve the deployment in locality where human assistance is remote.
Abstract:
A process of treating a silicon substrate surface for optimizing sunlight capture in the fabrication of solar cells is disclosed. Each of the two sides of the silicon substrate is textured with a laser source to roughen its surface by fabricating nanoscale structures thereon. Surface texturing may be conducted on both sides of a crystalline silicon wafer by flipping over to repeat our process on the other side such that sunhght reflectivity is minimized and photon trapping is maximized. The process may be conducted in room temperature and vacuum in a dry-etch processing environment. The substrate may undergo translation in the X- Y axes for control of the substrate's movement to achieve the requisite texturing by the laser beam of a pulse laser of Nd-YAG source in 533 nm and 1024 nm wavelengths at > 75 joules/pulse with translation speed of
Abstract:
There is disclosed an apparatus and method for use in energy harvesting, and more particularly metabolic energy harvesting. The apparatus of the present invention allows energy harvesting from a living plant without the need for coupling to the ground by using an energy capsule (12) being removably attached to the plant. A liquid collecting means (5) is inserted into the plant to direct liquid flow from the plant to the capsule (12), which contains energy harvesting components including electrodes (2, 6) and an ion conductive membrane (7). The capsule (12) is secured to the plant at any single point using an adjustable securing means (15).
Abstract:
A six quantum state producing encoder system (100) for deterministic six states protocol of Quantum Key Distribution is provided, the system (100) includes at least three laser diodes (610, 620, 630), at least three current drivers (510, 520, 530) wherein each of the at least three laser diodes (610, 620, 630) are at different polarization states and each laser diode is drivable by each current driver, at least three switches (410, 420, 430) connectable to the at least three current drivers (510, 520, 530), at least one pulse width modulator (PWM) generator (220) connectable to the at least three switches (410, 420, 430) and a controller wherein the at least three switches (410, 420, 430) are triggerable by the controller, wherein the system (100) is configurable to select a pair of different laser diodes with new polarization states for every two consecutive period, wherein two different laser diodes are interchangeably triggered for every two consecutive periods for automatic production of six quantum states.
Abstract:
The disclosed invention is a method and apparatus to generate random numbers. The invention is based on the fact that incoherent light source produces certain distribution of wavelength and wide range of emitting angle. The method includes steps of registering a detection event from a random process, identifying a particular photon detection location on the array of photo-detectors after deflected by the grating, in which the photon hits the detector, associating a value with the identified location of photo-detector, and outputting a random number based at least upon the associated value.