摘要:
A method of making a catalyst comprises: mixing a catalytically active component and a surfactant to form a mixture, wherein the catalytically active component comprises phosphorus; forming a gel; physically shearing the gel to form a physically sheared gel; combining the physically sheared gel with a support; and calcining the support with the physically sheared gel to form the catalyst. Another method of making a catalyst comprises: mixing a catalytically active component and a surfactant to form a mixture, wherein the catalytically active component comprises phosphorus; letting the mixture sit without mixing for greater than 1 hour to form a set mixture; subjecting the set mixture to shear to form a sheared mixture; combining the sheared mixture with a support; and calcining the support with the sheared mixture to form the catalyst.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a catalyst, a process for the manufacture of said catalyst and a process for catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation using said catalyst. The catalyst comprises a mixture of 3 or more different chlorides, which are selected from alkali chlorides and/or earth alkali chlorides, on a support
摘要:
The present invention provides process for preparing an alkylate comprising contacting in a reactor a hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least an isoparaffin and an olefin with an acidic ionic liquid catalyst under alkylation conditions to obtain an alkylate, which process further comprises: - withdrawing an alkylate-comprising reactor effluent from the reactor, wherein the reactor effluent comprises an ionic liquid phase and a hydrocarbon phase; - separating at least part the reactor effluent into an ionic liquid phase effluent and a multiple-phase effluent in a first separation unit; - separating at least part of the multiple-phase effluent into a hydrocarbon phase effluent and another effluent in a second separation unit; and recycling at least part of the ionic liquid phase effluent to the reactor.
摘要:
A process for the production of a hydrocarbon which comprises contacting, in a reactor, methanol and/or dimethyl ether with a catalyst comprising a metal halide, such as a zinc halide, in which the methanol and/or dimethyl ether is contacted with the catalyst in the presence of at least one phosphorus compound having at least one P-H bond.
摘要:
A process for the production of a hydrocarbon which comprises contacting, in a reactor, methanol and/or dimethyl ether with a catalyst comprising a metal halide, such as a zinc halide, in which the methanol and/or dimethyl ether is contacted with the catalyst in the presence of at least one phosphorus compound having at least one P-H bond.
摘要:
Olefins are trimerised in presence of a catalyst system comprising a chromium source, a pyrrole containing compound and a metal alkyl. The process is performed in a reactor comprising an inlet for the catalyst system and the olefin and an outlet. A separator for the desired products is provided.
摘要:
This invention is a process for the regeneration of a catalyst system component comprising certain transition aluminas promoted with a Lewis acid (preferably BF3) which have been used in the alkylation of isoparaffin with olefins. The process involves the calcination of the catalyst system component to volatilize and to oxidize the reaction product residue adhering to the solid catalyst. The process may include recovery and recycle of the involved Lewis acid.
摘要:
A process for alkylating an isoparaffin containing up to 20 carbon atoms with an olefin containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms comprises contacting the isoparaffin and olefin with a catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic solid inorganic oxide and a Lewis acid at a temperature of -40 DEG C to 500 DEG C and a pressure up to 35000 kPa (5000 psig), wherein the molar ratio of the isoparaffin to the olefin is from 1:1 to 50:1 and the contacting takes place in the presence of water.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkylate comprising the subsequent steps (a), (b) and (c) : (a) an alkylation step, wherein in a reaction zone a hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least an isoparaffin and an olefin is reacted with an ionic liquid catalyst to obtain an effluent comprising alkylate and solids, which latter are formed as side products in the alkylation step; (b) a separation step, wherein at least part of the alkylate-comprising effluent coming from the reaction zone is separated in a separator unit into a hydrocarbon- rich phase and an ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase which latter phase also comprises solids formed as side products during the alkylation reaction; and (c) a solids removal step, wherein the solids in ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase are separated from the ionic liquid catalyst using a suitable separating device; wherein the process further comprises a step following the separation step (b) and prior to the solids removal step (c), wherein an amount of an organic solvent is added to the ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase, which organic solvent has a viscosity which is significantly lower than that of the ionic liquid and which solvent is at least partially miscible with the ionic liquid. The process of the invention provides for more efficient solids removal than processes known from the prior art.
摘要:
Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for isomerization of paraffins are provided. In one example, a method comprises the steps of compressing a C 4 - hydrocarbons-containing stabilizer vapor stream to form a compressed C 4- hydrocarbons-containing stabilizer stream. A C 4 hydrocarbons-containing feed stream that comprises unbranched C 4 hydrocarbons is contacted with a chloride-promoted isomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to form a branched C 4 hydrocarbons-containing reaction zone effluent. At least a portion of the compressed C 4 - hydrocarbons-containing stabilizer stream is combined with the branched C 4 hydrocarbons-containing reaction zone effluent to form a C 4 hydrocarbons-containing combined stream. The C 4 hydrocarbons-containing combined stream is separated into a C 3 - hydrocarbons-containing stabilizer vapor stream and a C 4 hydrocarbons-rich product stream that comprises branched C 4 hydrocarbons.