Abstract:
The present invention relates to metathesis syntheses for insect sex-attractant pheromones or their components, such as E-5-decenyl acetate, the major component of the Peach Twig Borer pheromone; (5R, 6S)-6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, the mosquito oviposition attractant pheromone; E9, Z11-hexadecadienal, the pecan nut casebearer moth pheromone; 9-tetradecenyl formate, an analog of the Diamondback Moth (DBM) pheromone; 11-tetradecenyl acetate, the Omnivorous Leafroller (OLR) pheromone; E-4-tridecenyl acetate, the major component of the Tomato Pinworm (TPW) pheromone; E,E-8,10-dodecadienol, the Codling Moth (CM) pheromone. The syntheses preferably employ a Class I-IV metathesis catalyst, entail few reaction steps, use generally commercially available starting materials, and have relatively short process times. These syntheses produce good yields without the need for expensive or sophisticated equipment. The invention also provides an inexpensive route for producing omega-haloalkenols by cross-metathesizing alpha-omega-diacetoxy alkenes and alpha-omega-dihalides to yield omega-haloalkenols, which are easily converted into omega-haloalkanols under traditional hydrogenation methods.
Abstract:
A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 6 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by trivalent cobalt (Co ) atoms is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and a method for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide. The method involves (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble cobalt salt and a soluble trivalent chromium salt that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution and has a cobalt concentration of from about 0.05 mole % to about 6 mole % of the total concentration of cobalt and chromium in the solution; and after at least three moles of ammonium per mole of chromium in the solution has been added to the solution, (b) collecting the co-precipitated solid formed in (a); (c) drying the collected solid; and (d) calcining the dried solid.Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising a chromium-containing component prepared by treating the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide with a fluorinating agent; and a process for changing the fluorine distribution (i.e., content and/or arrangement) in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. The process involves using as the catalyst a composition comprising the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide and/or the treated cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide.
Abstract:
Compounds having acidic protons and a molecular structure which can delocalize the electron density of the conjugate base (target compounds) are chlorinated by contacting such compounds with a perchloroalkane and aqueous base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst which is a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide. Chlorinated products, preferably gem-dichloro compounds, are produced. The gem-dichloro compounds are useful for alkylation of aromatic compounds. For instance fluorene is chlorinated to form 9,9-dichlorofluorene which is reacted with such compounds as phenol or aniline to form such compounds as 9,9-bis(hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 9,9-bis(aminophenyl)fluorene, or 9-aminophenyl-9-chlorofluorene.
Abstract:
The present disclosure provides a method for separating 244bb from 1233xf by using solid adsorbent selected from molecular sieves having an average pore size of 5Å or greater.
Abstract:
A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 5 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper (Cu +2 ) atoms is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline copper-substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and methods for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline copper-substituted alpha-chromium oxide. One method involves (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble copper salt and a soluble trivalent chromium salt that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution and has a copper concentration of from about 0.05 atom % to about 5 atom % of the total concentration of copper and chromium in the solution; and after at least three moles of ammonium per mole of chromium in the solution has been added to the solution, (b) collecting the co-precipitated solid formed in (a); (c) drying the collected solid; and (d) calcining the dried solid. Another method involves (a) preparing an aqueous solution of a soluble copper salt and a soluble trivalent chromium salt that contains a copper concentration of from about 0.05 atom % to about 5 atom % of the total concentration of copper and chromium in the solution, (b) evaporating the solution to dryness, and (c) calcining the dried solid. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising a chromium-containing component prepared by treating the crystalline copper-substituted alpha-chromium oxide with a fluorinating agent; and a process for changing the fluorine distribution (i.e., content and/or arrangement) in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. The process involves using as the catalyst a composition comprising the crystalline copper-substituted alpha-chromium oxide and/or the treated copper-substituted alpha-chromium oxide.
Abstract:
본 발명은 다단계 반응에 의한 염화메틸의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 방법은 a) 초기 반응물인 메탄의 전환율을 충분히 높이기 위한 염소화 반응 단계; 및 b) 염소화 반응의 유해 부산물인 염화수소(HCl)를 적극 활용하기 위한 후속 반응 단계;를 포함함으로서, 유해한 염화수소를 효율적으로 처리함과 동시에 염화메틸의 전반적 생성량을 향상시킬 수 있다.
Abstract:
This invention provides a process for preparing a mixture of brominated benzenes predominant in dibromobenzenes and tribromobenzenes. The process comprises forming and heating a reaction mixture to form an intermediate mixture, in which the catalyst is deactivated. The intermediate mixture is formed by heating the reaction mixture until a meta -dibromobenzene: para -dibromobenzene molar ratio of about 1.8: 1 or more is reached. The intermediate mixture is either i) cooled to a temperature of about 0°C or less, and the solid and liquid phases formed upon cooling are separated, or ii) monobromobenzene is removed from the intermediate mixture. The reaction mixture is formed from a Lewis acid catalyst and an aromatic substrate comprising (a) benzene and/or monobromobenzene, optionally in a mixture with partially brominated benzenes, or (b) 1,4-dibromobenzene optionally in a mixture with partially brominated benzenes; when the aromatic substrate is (a), formation of the reaction mixture includes feeding bromine into the mixture.