Abstract:
The invention generally relates to biological engineering of microorganisms and production of chemical compounds therefrom. More particularly, the invention relates to novel genetically engineered microorganisms for the fermentative production of p-aminobenzoic acid and related compounds from fermentable carbon substrates. The biologically derived PABA and related compounds from fermentable carbon substrates can be used in a number of applications including as a food supplement or raw materials for the syntheses of other industrial chemicals or polymers
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung eines 5 bis 90 Gew.-% Isocyanat enthaltenden Stoffstroms (3) durch Hydrolyse des Isocyanats mit Wasser in einem Reaktor (1), bei dem der Isocyanat enthaltende Stoffstrom (3) über einen ersten Zulauf und das Wasser über einen zweiten Zulauf dem Reaktor (1) zugegeben werden, das Isocyanat im Reaktor mit dem Wasser zum korrespondierenden Diamin umgesetzt wird, ein Diamin enthaltendes Produktgemisch über einen Produktaustrag aus dem Reaktor (1) entnommen wird, wobei ein Teil des Produktgemischs in den Reaktor zurück geführt wird und der Isocyanat enthaltende Stoffstrom (3) in den zurück geführten Produktstrom (7) geleitet wird, wobei der Isocyanat enthaltende Stoffstrom (3) kontinuierlich unterbrechungsfrei zugegeben wird und das Molverhältnis von H-aciden Verbindüngen des Hydrolysates zu Isocyanatgruppen des zugeführten Stoffstroms im Bereich von 10 bis 200 gehalten wird.
Abstract:
Provided herein is a method of oxidizing lignin. Further disclosed herein are aromatic and non-aromatic compounds obtained from oxidized lignin.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing aromatic amines in the liquid phase by catalytically hydrogenating the corresponding nitroaromatics in at least two reaction chambers connected in sequence, wherein at least one reaction chamber is operated isothermally and at least one reaction chamber connected downstream thereof is operated adiabatically, and preferable embodiments, the sudden adiabatic temperature change is used for controlling the reaction.
Abstract:
The disclosed invention relates to a process, comprising: flowing a first reactant feed stream (314) comprising a reactant substrate and a second reactant feed stream (342) comprising an alkylating agent, an acylating agent or a mixture thereof, in a process microchannel (310) in contact with each other to form a product (316) comprising at least one alkylation product, at least one acylation product, or a mixture thereof; transferring heat from the process microchannel to a heat sink (320); and removing the product (316) from the process microchannel.
Abstract:
Method for the preparation of fixed bed activated base metal granules via the mixing of the precursor alloy powder with optionally an organic binder and optionally an inorganic binder to form granules that are dried, calcined for stabilization purposes and then activated in a caustic solution. The precursor alloy can be either slowly cooled or rapidly cooled via contact, quenching, spraying in or spraying with a variety of mediums such as, but not limited to, inert gases and water. The precursor alloy is comprised of a catalytic component, a caustic leachable component and optionally one or more promoters. The catalytic component can consist of one or more metals from groups VIII and Ib of the periodic chart of elements that are optionally promoted with one or more elements from the periodic groups Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb, Ib, IIb, IIIa and IVa. The caustic leachable component consists of Al, Si, Zn or mixtures thereof. The granules can be used for the hydrogenation of organic compounds.
Abstract:
Supported, hydrogenating catalyst in powder form containing, as a catalytically active component, a primary precious metal component, a secondary precious metal component and one or more non-precious metal components. It is used for the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics, in particular nitrobenzene and DNT.
Abstract:
This invention provides a composition suitable for use in a reaction zone where aniline is reacted with nitrobenzene to obtain intermediates of 4-amino-diphenylamine comprising a solide support having interior channels with base material employed in the reaction loaded into the channels. The cross-sectional dimensions of the channels are such as to provide a restricted transition state with regard to the reaction and to improve the selectivity of the reaction in favor of the intermediates The invention also provides a method for loading the base material in the solid support. The invention further provides a process for carrying out the above reaction using the above composition.