摘要:
Disclosed are a separator for a lithium ion secondary battery, a method for producing the same, and a secondary battery using the same. A separator structure includes a support disposed inside a secondary battery. The support includes a porous polymer matrix, cellulose nano fibers dispersed in the matrix, and inorganic additives dispersed in the matrix, wherein at least some of the inorganic additives are attached to the cellulose nano fibers and are distributed in the matrix.
摘要:
Formaldehyde is obtained from CO2 through hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol while the subsequent oxidation of methanol yields formaldehyde. This formaldehyde combined with the electrochemically produced glycolaldehyde generates sugars, thus establishing a route from CO2 to sugars.
摘要:
In some variations, a process for converting a biomass feedstock into a pretreated biomass material comprises: providing a biomass feedstock containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; introducing the biomass feedstock and a recycled vapor stream to a biomass-heating unit, thereby generating a heated biomass stream at a first temperature, wherein the recycled vapor stream is at a first pressure of at least atmospheric pressure; feeding the heated biomass stream to a biomass digestor operated at a second temperature and a second pressure to pretreat the biomass feedstock, thereby generating a digested stream comprising a solid-liquid mixture and a digestor vapor, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature, and wherein the second pressure is higher than the first pressure; recycling at least a portion of the digestor vapor to the biomass-heating unit; and recovering or further processing the solid-liquid mixture as a pretreated biomass material. Many variations are disclosed.
摘要:
A polysaccharide solution comprising a) less than 15 % by weight of cellulose based on the weight of the solution b) a quaternary ammonium compound of formula I wherein R1 to R4 independently from each other represent organic groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms and X- represents an anion with a carboxylate group and optionally X represents chloride as anion, and c) at least 50 % by weight of acetonitrile based on the weight of the solution, characterized in that the ratio of the amount of a) cellulose to b) the quaternary ammonium compound is 1:10 to 1:3, preferably 1:7 to 1:3, more preferably 1:5 to 1:3, most preferably 1:3.5 to 1: 3.
摘要:
Le domaine de cette invention est celui de la valorisation des sucres issus des sous- produits des filières papier et cellulose et des bioraffineries lignocellulosiques. Le but de l'invention et de faciliter l'extraction et la purification des sucres contenus dans des hydrolysats de bois. A cette fin, la présente invention a pour objet un procédé de préparation d'un mélange de monosaccharides et/ou d'oligosaccharides et/ou de polysaccharides par purification d'un hydrolysat de matières lignocellulosiques, ledit hydrolysat comprenant des hémicelluloses sous forme de monomères, d'oligomères et éventuellement de polymères,et ledit procédé comprenant au moins une étape d'oxydation dudit hydrolysat avec au moins un oxydant. Ce procédé permet d'obtenir un mélange de monosaccharides et/ou d'oligosaccharides et/ou de polysaccharides ayant une quantité de furfural et/ou d'hydroxyméthylfurfural réduite et comprenant des polymères ayant une masse moléculaire en poids et/ou en nombre réduite.
摘要翻译:
本发明的领域是从菲利&egrave的副产物糖的估值; RES纸和纤维素和木质纤维素生物精炼。 本发明的目的是促进木材水解产物中所含糖类的提取和纯化。 为此,本发明的主题是净化方法。 一个M E单糖尿布的PRé修理和/或寡糖和/或多糖通过水解产物马蹄&egrave的纯化;木质纤维素资源,所述水解产物包含Hémicelluloses作为Monomè RES d 寡聚物和可能的聚合物聚合物,以及所述去污方法; 包括所述水解产物与至少一种氧化剂的至少一个氧化步骤。 这个过程是 允许获得具有一定量的单糖和/或寡糖和/或多糖的混合物 糠醛和/或羟甲基éthylfurfuralřé挑和包含POLYMè RES具有摩尔质量é;丘拉尔重量和/或数ré纬纱 P>。
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for improved liquefaction of a lignocellulosic biomass. The methods include reacting a lignocellulosic biomass slurry at mild conditions for a short period to produce a first reaction mixture having a reduced viscosity as compared to the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and that is substantially free of levulinic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural. The methods further include separating the first reaction mixture into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, the solid fraction having a majority of lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and the liquid fraction having a majority of hemicellulose and greater than about 30% by weight of cellulose from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry. The method advantageously prevents or eliminates the formation of tar and/or char.