摘要:
The presence or absence of one or more target microbial analytes in a substance, such as a biological or environmental substance, is assayed by inoculating a growth medium with a sample of the substance. The medium may be combined with a labeled analyte-specific material (LASM) which can migrate through the substrate and which is homogeneously distributed throughout the medium. The LASM may be premixed with the medium, or may be added to the medium after inoculation with the substance. The nature of the medium is such that it will support target analyte reproduction so as to form target analyte colonies in or on the medium, and it will not allow the target analyte colonies to migrate on or within the medium. After the sample to be assayed is added to the medium, growth of the target analyte colonies in the sample will bind increasing quantities of the LASM, thereby creating localized intensely labeled areas in the medium which can be visually or photometrically detected. As the target analyte colonies grow on or in the medium they attract increasing quantities of the LASM which diffuses to the colonies through the medium causing the local target analyte colonies to become intensely labeled, which renders the colonies readily detectable. Each of the intensely labeled target analyte colonies in the medium may also be surrounded by areas of lower intensity due to local depletion of the LASM in the regions of colony growth . The number of intensely labeled target analyte colonies in the medium will be proportional to the concentration of the target analyte present in the sample. In the event that the target analyte is absent from the sample, then there will be no localized labeled microbe colonies in the medium.
摘要:
An apparatus for analyzing a sample of biologic fluid quiescently residing within a chamber (20) is provided. The apparatus includes a field illuminator (40), a positioner (86), a mechanism for determining the volume of a sample field, and an image dissector (42). The field illuminator (40) is operable to illuminate a sample field of known, or ascertainable, area. The positioner (86) is operable to selectively change the position of one of the chamber (20) or the field illuminator (40) relative to the other, thereby permitting selective illumination of all regions of the sample. The mechanism for determining the volume of a sample field can determine the volume of a sample field illuminated by a light source. The image dissector (42) is operable to convert an image of light passing through or emanating from the sample field into an electronic data format.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic for a target microorganism are provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing a microorganism growth medium (14, 34); (b) providing a sensible reagent (17, 36), which includes an antibiotic mixed with a marker, the marker having a signal with a magnitude proportional to the marker's concentration; (c) incorporating the reagent into the growth medium, in a manner that creates a gradient of concentrations (18, 40) of the antibiotic and marker within the growth medium; (c) inoculating the growth medium with the target microorganism; (d) incubating the inoculated growth medium for a period of time sufficient for the target microorganism to grow a detectable amount on a first section (20, 42) of growth medium; (e) determining a growth boundary (28, 48) between the first section of growth medium having detectable target microorganism growth and a second section (24, 46) having substantially no detectable target microorganism growth; (f) measuring the signal magnitude at the growth boundary; and (g) determining a minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic using the measured signal magnitude.
摘要:
An apparatus for analyzing a sample of biologic fluid quiescently residing within a chamber (20) is provided. The apparatus includes a field illuminator (40), a positioner (86), a mechanism for determining the volume of a sample field, and an image dissector (42). The field illuminator (40) is operable to illuminate a sample field of known, or ascertainable, area. The positioner (86) is operable to selectively change the position of one of the chamber (20) or the field illuminator (40) relative to the other, thereby permitting selective illumination of all regions of the sample. The mechanism for determining the volume of a sample field can determine the volume of a sample field illuminated by a light source. The image dissector (42) is operable to convert an image of light passing through or emanating from the sample field into an electronic data format.
摘要:
A urine sample is analyzed for urine chemistry, formed bodies, and rare event evidence, all in a single sample container (2) and under low power magnification.
摘要:
Formed constituents of a quiescent anticoagulated whole blood sample are optically of visually analyzed in a sample chamber (14) which has a varying through plane thickness due to convergent opposing sample chamber walls (4, 8). At least one of the convergent walls of the chamber is transparent so that the blood sample constituents can be observed. The chamber's varying thickness produces a first lesser thickness region (A) in the chamber wherein a quiescent monolayer of red blood cells in the sample will reside after the sample is introduced into and fills the chamber. Larger formed constituents such as white blood cells in the sample are unable to enter the aforesaid lesser thickness region of the chamber. The red cells which reside in the greater thickness regions (B, C) will agglomerate to form rouleaux and lacunae. The exact thickness of the chamber at any particular location in the chamber can be predetermined, or can be determined in situ as the sample is being analysed. By admixing certain dyes with the blood sample, various characteristics and other information can be derived from the various formed constituents in the sample by means of a scanning instrument (54) which is able to measure various color and other signals emitted from the sample at various locations (1, 3, 5) within the chamber, or by means of visual examination of the sample in the chamber. The thickness of the lacunae areas of the sample can be calculated by the instrument as a function of signal emission strength from the dyes or stains. The emissions can be the result of sample fluorescence or can be the result of signal density through the sample. Particle volumes can be measured as a function or signal emission suppression caused by the particles. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) can also be derived from a blood sample disposed in the sampling chamber.
摘要:
Target nucleated cells, and target cells containing remnant ribosomal material, which are present in a quiescent anticoagulated whole blood sample are optically detected, enumerated, and analyzed in a sample chamber (14) that has a varying through plane thickness due to convergent opposing sample chamber walls. At least one of the convergent walls (8) of the chamber is transparent so that the blood sample can be observed. The chamber's varying thickness produces a first lesser thickness region (A) in the chamber wherein individual red cells (32) and quiescent monolayers (31) of red cells in the sample will reside after the sample is introduced into and fills the chamber. Larger formed constituents such as white blood cells (34) and nucleated red blood cells present in the sample will reside in greater thickness regions (B) of the chamber, and non-nucleated red cells which reside in such greater thickness regions will agglomerate to form rouleaux (33). By admixing fluorescent dyes with the blood sample, target cells in the sample can be enumerated and differentiated by means of a scanning instrument (54) which is able to measure different wave length color signals emitted from the target cells in the sample, and differentiate the target cells one from another by reason of the nature of the emitted color signals.