Abstract:
Disclosed are a catalyst precursor or catalyst and a method for the production thereof. According to said method, a) a suspension is produced which contains a vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen-containing precursor (VPO precursor), the ultrasonically dispersed particles of which have an average diameter d50, primary particles of less than 1.3 µm in an aqueous solution and which are provided in the form of agglomerates having an average diameter d50, agglomerates of 2 to 20 µm in water, the average diameters of the primary particles and the agglomerates of the VPO precursor being determined by means of laser diffraction according to ISO 13320, b) the suspension is spray dried, and c) if necessary, the catalyst precursor obtained in step b) is transformed into the catalyst by means of a thermal treatment. Also disclosed is the use of said catalyst for gas phase oxidation of hydrocarbons.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing polyisobutene by polymerization of isobutene using an inert diluent and a halogenated Lewis acid as the catalyst. Said method is characterized by contacting a liquid mixture of the isobutene and the inert diluent with the catalyst in the gas chamber of a polymerization device.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for recovering ruthenium from a spent ruthenium-containing catalyst which contains ruthenium in the form of ruthenium oxide on a support material that is poorly soluble in mineral acid. Said method comprises the following steps: a) the catalyst containing ruthenium oxide is reduced in a gas stream containing hydrogen chloride and an optional inert gas at a temperature ranging from 300 to 500°C; b) the catalyst that has been reduced in step a) and contains metallic ruthenium on the poorly soluble support material is treated with hydrochloric acid in the presence of a gas containing oxygen such that the metallic ruthenium on the support is dissolved in the form of ruthenium(III) chloride and is recovered in the form of aqueous ruthenium(III) chloride solution; c) if necessary, the ruthenium(III) chloride solution obtained in step b) is further processed.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for regenerating a hydrogen chloride oxidation catalyst containing ruthenium oxide on a support material. Said method comprises the steps of a) reducing the catalyst using a gas stream containing hydrogen chloride and an optional inert gas at a temperature ranging from 100 to 800°C, b) recalcining the catalyst using a gas stream containing oxygen at a temperature ranging from 150 to 800°C.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing chlorine in a fluidized bed reactor, a gaseous reaction mixture containing hydrogen chloride and oxygen flowing from the bottom to the top of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst that forms a fluidized bed. The invention is characterized in that said fluidized bed comprises insertion elements which divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of horizontal and vertical cells arranged in the fluidized bed reactor, the walls of said cells being permeable to gas and having openings for ensuring the exchange of particles of the heterogeneous particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range of between 1 and 100 liter(s)/hour per liter of reactor volume.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing chlorine in a fluidized bed reactor, a gaseous reaction mixture containing hydrogen chloride and oxygen flowing from the bottom to the top of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst that forms a fluidized bed. The invention is characterized in that said fluidized bed comprises insertion elements which divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of horizontal and vertical cells arranged in the fluidized bed reactor, the walls of said cells being permeable to gas and having openings for ensuring the exchange of particles of the heterogeneous particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range of between 1 and 100 liter(s)/hour per liter of reactor volume.
Abstract:
Disclosed are a catalyst precursor or catalyst and a method for the production thereof. According to said method, a) a suspension is produced which contains a vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen-containing precursor (VPO precursor) as well as silicon oxide, b) the suspension is spray dried, and c) if necessary, the catalyst precursor obtained in step b) is transformed into the catalyst by means of a thermal treatment. The disclosed method is characterized in that silicon oxide is added at amounts ranging from 3 to 25 percent by weight relative to the dry matter of the thermally treated catalyst, while the ratio (d50, primary particles/ d50, silicon oxide) between the average diameter of the ultrasonically dispersed primary VPO precursor particles in an aqueous solution d50, primary particles and the average diameter of the silicon oxide particles d50, silicon oxide ranges from 30 to 170, the average diameter of the primary VPO precursor particles and the average diameter of the silicon oxide particles being determined by means of laser diffraction according to ISO 13320. Also disclosed is the use of said catalyst for gas phase oxidation of hydrocarbons.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a catalyst for gas phase reactions, which is provided with great mechanical stability and comprises one or several active metals on a carrier containing alumina as a carrier material. Said catalyst is characterized in that the alumina moiety of the carrier is composed substantially of alpha-alumina. Ruthenium, copper, and/or gold is/are the preferred active metal/s used. Particularly preferred inventive catalysts contain a) 0.001 to 10 percent by weight of ruthenium, copper, and/or gold, b) 0 to 5 percent by weight of one or several alkaline earth metals, c) 0 to 5 percent by weight of one or several alkali metals, d) 0 to 10 percent by weight of one or several rare earth metals, e) 0 to 10 percent by weight of one or several other metals selected among the group comprising palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver, and rhenium, the percentages being in relation to the total weight of the catalyst, on the carrier made of alpha Al2O3. The disclosed catalysts are preferably used for the oxidation of hydrogen chloride (Deacon reaction).