摘要:
The invention relates to a catalyst provided in the form of an extrudate, which contains 5 to 85 % by weight of copper oxide and comprises, in the active material and as binders, the same oxidic carrier material. The invention also relates to the use of the catalyst for hydrogenating carbonyl compounds.
摘要:
The invention concerns a method for producing chlorine and a hydrochloric gas including the following steps: a) supplying via a stream containing hydrochloric gas (a1) and a stream containing oxygen (a2) an oxidation zone and a hydrochloric gas catalytic oxidation with chlorine, a stream of gaseous product (a3) containing chlorine, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases obtained; b) cooling the stream of gaseous products (a3) and separating the water from the hydrochloric gas in the form of hydrochloric acid, a gas stream (b) containing chlorine, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases still remaining; c) optionally drying the gas stream (b), and obtaining a gas stream (c) substantially water-free, containing chlorine, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases; d) liquefying at least partly the gas stream (c) and a return stream (f1) rich in chlorine, containing chlorine, oxygen, carbon dioxide through thickening and cooling, a partly liquefied stream (d) being preserved; e) gas-liquid separation of the stream (d) into a gas stream (e1) containing chlorine, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inert gases and into a liquid stream (e2) containing chlorine, oxygen, and carbon dioxide; f) introducing at least part of the gas stream (e1) into a unit with membrane and separating a return stream (f1) rich in chlorine and a gas flow (f2) poor in chlorine, containing chlorine, oxygen, carbon dioxide, via a separation by the membrane and reintroducing the return flux (f1) rich in chlorine in step d); g) separating the liquid stream (e2) by distillation into a stream of chlorine (g1) and a stream (g2) comprising substantially oxygen and carbon dioxide.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing chlorine in a fluidized bed reactor, a gaseous reaction mixture containing hydrogen chloride and oxygen flowing from the bottom to the top of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst that forms a fluidized bed. The invention is characterized in that said fluidized bed comprises insertion elements which divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of horizontal and vertical cells arranged in the fluidized bed reactor, the walls of said cells being permeable to gas and having openings for ensuring the exchange of particles of the heterogeneous particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range of between 1 and 100 liter(s)/hour per liter of reactor volume.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing chlorine in a fluidized bed reactor, a gaseous reaction mixture containing hydrogen chloride and oxygen flowing from the bottom to the top of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst that forms a fluidized bed. The invention is characterized in that said fluidized bed comprises insertion elements which divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of horizontal and vertical cells arranged in the fluidized bed reactor, the walls of said cells being permeable to gas and having openings for ensuring the exchange of particles of the heterogeneous particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range of between 1 and 100 liter(s)/hour per liter of reactor volume.
摘要:
Disclosed is a catalyst for gas phase reactions, which is provided with great mechanical stability and comprises one or several active metals on a carrier containing alumina as a carrier material. Said catalyst is characterized in that the alumina moiety of the carrier is composed substantially of alpha-alumina. Ruthenium, copper, and/or gold is/are the preferred active metal/s used. Particularly preferred inventive catalysts contain a) 0.001 to 10 percent by weight of ruthenium, copper, and/or gold, b) 0 to 5 percent by weight of one or several alkaline earth metals, c) 0 to 5 percent by weight of one or several alkali metals, d) 0 to 10 percent by weight of one or several rare earth metals, e) 0 to 10 percent by weight of one or several other metals selected among the group comprising palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver, and rhenium, the percentages being in relation to the total weight of the catalyst, on the carrier made of alpha Al2O3. The disclosed catalysts are preferably used for the oxidation of hydrogen chloride (Deacon reaction).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for controlling hydrogenation of an educt in a hydrogenation reactor. According to said method, the amount of hydrogen reacted during hydrogenation is determined first, whereupon the ratio between the amount of hydrogen reacted and the amount of educt delivered is calculated, said ratio is compared to a predefined setpoint value, and finally at least one process parameter is modified if the ratio between the amount of hydrogen reacted and the amount of educt delivered deviates from the predefined setpoint value by a given value.
摘要:
In a process for extracting (chlorinated) hyrocarbon-free hydrogen chloride and phosgene-free (chlorinated) hydrocarbons from a hydrogen chloride stream containing (chlorinated) hydrocarbons and phosgene, (i) the fresh hydrogen chloride stream containing phosgene and (chlorinated) hydrocarbons is led in a first step first through a first adsorber and then through a second adsorber interconnected in series, until essentially no more (chlorinated) hydrocarbon is adsorbed by the first adsorber; (ii) the fresh hydrogen chloride stream is led in a second step through the second adsorber, while the first adsorber is regenerated, substantially phosgene-free (chlorinated) hydrocarbon being produced during regeneration; (iii) the fresh hydrogen chloride stream is led in a third step first through the second adsorber and then through the regenerated first adsorber, until substantially no more (chlorinated) hydrocarbon is adsorbed by the second adsorber; (iv) the fresh hydrogen chloride stream is led in a fourth step through the first adsorber, while the second adsorber is regenerated, a substantially phosgene-free (chlorinated) hydrocarbon being produced during regeneration, and steps (i) to (iv) can be successively repeated one or more times.