摘要:
Disclosed is a method for producing double metal cyanide complex catalysts of general formula M2a[M1(CN)rXt]b, wherein M2 preferably represents Co(III) or Fe(III) and M1 preferably represents Zn(II), X represents a group that is different from cyanide, forms a coordinate link to M1, and is selected among the group comprising carbonyl, cyanate, isocyanate, nitrile, thiocyanate, and nitrosyl, a, b, r, t represent integers which are selected such that the electroneutrality condition is met. Said double metal cyanide complex catalysts are produced by reacting a) a cyanometallate hydrogen acid of general formula Hw[M1(CN)r(X)t], wherein M1 and X are defined as indicated above, r and t are defined as indicated above, and w is selected such that the electroneutrality condition is met, with b) an easily protolyzable metal compound M2RW and/or M2RuYv, wherein M2 is defined as indicated above, R independently represents the anion of a very weak protonic acid having a pKs value of > 20, Y represents the anion of an inorganic mineral acid or a moderately strong to strong organic acid having a pKs value ranging from -10 to +10, w corresponds to the valence of M2, and u + v corresponds to the valence of M2, u and v amounting at least to 1, respectively. The reaction is carried out in a nonaqueous, aprotonic solvent.
摘要:
This invention relates to a process of producing compounds, which are useful as bleach boosters, as well as to the compounds, which are obtainable using said process, and to their use.
摘要:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung quaternisierter Stickstoffverbindungen als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv oder Kerosinadditiv, wie insbesondere als Detergensadditiv; zur Verringerung oder Verhinderung von Ablagerungen in den Einspritzsystemen von direkteinspritzenden Dieselmotoren, insbesondere in Common-Rail-Einspritzsystemen, zur Verringerung des Kraftstoffverbrauches von direkteinspritzenden Dieselmotoren, insbesondere von Dieselmotoren mit Common-Rail-Einspritzsystemen, und zur Minimierung des Leistungsverlustes (power loss) in direkteinspritzenden Dieselmotoren, insbesondere in Dieselmotoren mit Common-Rail-Einspritzsystemen; sowie als Additiv für Ottokraftstoffe, insbesondere zum Betrieb von DISI Motoren.
摘要:
The use of a complex ester obtainable by esterification reaction between aliphatic linear or branched C2- to C12-dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohols with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and, as chain stopping agents, aliphatic linear or branched C1- to C30-monocarboxylic acids or aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C1- to C30-alcohols, as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine with this fuel.
摘要:
Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents.