摘要:
The invention relates to a method for controlling hydrogenation of an educt in a hydrogenation reactor. According to said method, the amount of hydrogen reacted during hydrogenation is determined first, whereupon the ratio between the amount of hydrogen reacted and the amount of educt delivered is calculated, said ratio is compared to a predefined setpoint value, and finally at least one process parameter is modified if the ratio between the amount of hydrogen reacted and the amount of educt delivered deviates from the predefined setpoint value by a given value.
摘要:
The invention relates to catalytic bulk material that contains a physical mixture of catalytically active and catalytically inactive shaped bodies, wherein the catalytically inactive shaped bodies have rounded off edges on the external friction surfaces.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing 4-vinylcyclohexene comprising the following steps: (A) a feed gas stream containing n-butane is prepared; (B) said feed gas stream containing n-butane is fed to at least one dehydrogenation zone, where it is dehydrogenated from n-butane to butadiene, whereby a butadiene, n-butane, optionally 1-butene and 2-butene and optionally water vapour and a product stream containing additional minor constituents are obtained; (C) the product stream from the dehydrogenation, optionally after separation of the water vapour and minor constituents, is fed to a dimerization zone, where the butadiene is catalytically dimerized to obtain 4-vinylcyclohexene, n-butane and optionally 1-butene, 2-butene and a product stream containing butadiene that has not been converted; (D) the 4-vinylcyclohexene from the dimerization product stream is separated and the n-butane and optionally 1-butene, 2-butene and the butadiene that has not been converted are returned to the dehydrogenation zone.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing chlorine by oxidising hydrogen chlorine in a gaseous phase by means of a gas flow containing molecular oxygen and in the presence of a fixed bed catalyst. Said invention is characterised in that the inventive method is carried out in a reactor (1) comprising a bundle of parallel contact tubes (2) disposed in a direction of the reactor length whose ends are fixed to a tube plate (3), a convex cover (4) arranged on each end of the reactor (1), one or several annular deflecting sheets (6) which are arranged in a perpendicular direction with respect to the direction of length of the reactor in a space (5) between the contact tubes (2) in such a way that circular passage openings (8) are formed in the middle of the reactor. The inventive reactor also comprises one or several deflecting discoidal sheets (7) disposed in such a way that annular passages (9) are formed on the edge thereof, said deflecting annular (6) and discoidal (7) sheets being arranged in an alternate manner. According to said invention, the contacting tubes (2) are filled with the fixed bed catalyst, hydrogen chlorine and the gas flow containing molecular oxygen are channelled from one end of the reactor to the contact tubes (2) by means of one of said convex covers (4), a reaction gaseous mixture is extracted at the level of the opposite end of the reactor by means of the second convex cover (4) and a fluid heat-exchanging agent is channelled to the interspace (5) encompassing the contact tubes (2).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for the catalytic production of melamine by the decomposition of urea in particular on solid catalysts using a main and post reactor. A catalyst of low Lewis acidity is employed in the main reactor and in the post reactor a catalyst is employed with the same or preferably a greater Lewis acidity.
摘要:
The invention relates to methods for continuously producing chlorine by reacting hydrogen chloride with oxygen in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. To this end, the reaction of hydrogen chloride is limited to a level ranging from 15 to 90 % with a single pass through the reactor.