摘要:
Methods and apparatuses for nanoenabled memory devices and anisotropic charge carrying arrays are described. In an aspect, a memory device includes a substrate, a source region of the substrate, and a drain region of the substrate. A population of nanoelements is deposited on the substrate above a channel region, the population of nanolements in one embodiment including metal quantum dots. A tunnel dielectric layer is formed on the substrate overlying the channel region, and a metal migration barrier layer is deposited over the dielectric layer. A gate contact is formed over the thin film of nanoelements. The nanoelements allow for reduced lateral charge transfer. The memory device may be a single or multistate memory device. In a multistate memory device which comprises one or more quantum dots or molecules having a plurality of discrete energy levels, a method is disclosed for charging and/or discharging the device which comprises filling each of the plurality of discrete energy levels of each dot or molecule with one or more electrons, and subsequently removing individual electrons at a time from each discrete energy level of the one or more dots or molecules.
摘要:
A photoreceptor comprising a support layer and a photoconductive layer, wherein at least a portion of an exposed surface of the photoreceptor is roughened.
摘要:
An information recording medium having such a recording material layer on a substrate where reversible phase transition between electrically or optically detectable states can be caused by electric energy or electromagnetic energy. The recording material forming the recording layer is either a material having a crystal structure including lattice defects in one phase of the reversible phase transition or a material having a complex phase composed of a crystal portion including a lattice defect in one phase of the reversible phase transition and an amorphous portion. Both portions contain a common element. A part of the lattice defects are filled with an element other than the element constituting the crystal structure. The recording medium having a recording thin film exhibits little variation of the recording and reproduction characteristics even after repetition of recording and reproduction excellent weatherability, strong resistance against composition variation, and easily controllable characteristics.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for providing electric microcontact printing is provided. A stamp is brought into contact with the surface of a substrate to provide high resolution features. Aspects of the invention may be used for data storage, microcontact printing, and for other applications requiring high resolution pattern transfer.
摘要:
A liquid crystalline compound having a novel structure and a process for producing the same are provided. The liquid crystalline compound is represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a straight-chain, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and may be attached directly to the aromatic ring without through X 1 or X 2 ; R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a fluorine atom, or a methyl group; and X 1 and X 2 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a -CO-, -OCO-, -COO-, -N=CH-, -CONH-, -NH-, -NHCO-, or -CH 2 - group.