摘要:
The invention provides a method of steam stripping an inorganic powder by contacting the inorganic powder with a silylating agent to form a silylated mixture which is pneumatically transported and contacted with steam to form a vaporous stream. This vaporous stream is then transported to a separation stage and the volatile materials are separated from the inorganic powder.
摘要:
A regulated BICMOS output buffer (34) improves interfacing to loads such as 3.3 volt integrated circuits. The output buffer (34) provides a first voltage to a base of a pullup transistor (116) in response to a difference between an input voltage and a reference voltage. An emitter of the pullup transistor (116) provides an output signal. A second transistor (102) having characteristics matching those of the pullup transistor (116) receives the first voltage at its base, and provides the input voltage at its emitter. The output buffer (34) changes the first voltage until the voltage at the base of the second transistor (102) equals the reference voltage. Thus, signal reflections on the output signal do not affect the performance of the output buffer. Clamps (99, 120) coupled to the base and emitter of the pullup transistor (116) provide soft clamping according to a square law.
摘要:
A differential voltage bus system is disclosed wherein the two leads of the bus (101,102) are biased by the termination networks (103,104) with a predetermined voltage difference representing a digital signal of one binary type. The bus driver (110,120) in each bus master connects a current source (1116) to one of the two bus leads and a current sink (1117) to the other of the two bus leads in response to an input digital signal of the other binary type thereby changing the voltage difference on the bus to represent the other binary type. In response to an input digital signal of the first-mentioned binary type, the bus driver isolates the current source and sink from the bus and connects them together in order to decrease the detrimental effect of transients. The selective switching in the bus driver is performed by MOSFET switches (1110,1111,1112,1113) which are driven by buffer driver circuits each of which uses a combination of MOSFETs and an NPN transistor to drive its respective MOSFET switch with a high peak current thereby enabling rapid switching. The current source and sink in the bus driver also uses a combination of MOSFETs and NPN transistors in order to permit operation of the bus a low voltage levels.
摘要:
A low-voltage output driving circuit capable of preventing the generation of leakage current. The circuit includes a transfer gate GT installed between the output S₂ of a first CMOS inverter INV C1 and the node S₁ at the gate of an MOS transistor PT₃ for active pull-up. At the same time, a reference voltage V REF and a voltage level V OUT , which corresponds to the voltage level of the output line of the signal S OUT , are compared by a comparator CMP. When the voltage V OUT is lower than the reference voltage V REF , the transfer gate GT is set to the ON state, and the output of the first CMOS inverter INV C1 is sent to the gate of the transistor PT₃ for active pull-up. The comparator CMP is installed so that when the voltage level V OUT is higher than the reference voltage V REF , the output of the first CMOS inverter INV C1 is prevented from reaching the gate of the transistor PT₃ for active pull-up. Thus, although the input and output can take on any state, the generation of leakage current which flows toward the power supply from the output side can be prevented.
摘要:
L'invention concerne un étage de sortie TTL-CMOS pour circuit intégré. Il comprend un transistor bipolaire 1 et un transistor MOS 2 connectés en série entre l'alimentation et la masse, leur point commun formant la borne de sortie BS de l'étage de sortie TTL-CMOS. Une première voie d'entrée de commande de commutation comprend un inverseur 3 dont l'entrée forme la borne d'entrée BE de l'étage et dont la sortie est reliée à la grille du transistor MOS 2 par une résistance 4. Une deuxième voie d'entrée de commande de commutation comprend un deuxième inverseur 5, commandé par le premier inverseur 3, et dont la sortie est reliée à la base du transistor bipolaire 1 par l'intermédiaire d'une deuxième résistance 6. Les résistances 4 et 6 permettent de limiter le courant transitoire et le courant moyen fourni par le transistor bipolaire 1. Application à la fabrication des circuits intégrés.
摘要:
An output buffer circuit includes an input node (1), an output node (2), a positive power source (V DD ), a logic circuit (10) connected to the input node (1), means (11) connected at one end to the logic circuit (10), for dropping a voltage of the logic circuit (10), and a bipolar transistor (12) having a base connected to the other end of the voltage dropping means (11) and the other end of the logic circuit (10), a collector connected to the output node (2) and an emitter connected to a circuit ground (GND).