Abstract:
Esters of 4,5-disubstituted-oxy-2-methyl-3,6-dioxo-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl alkyl acids were prepared chemically and/or enzymatically. Depending upon the ester, improved melanocyte cytotoxicity was achieved. Improved cytotoxicity characteristics are consistent with ester analogs being more physiologically compatible and less irritating to skin than their corresponding acids.
Abstract:
Disclosed are esters and a process for the preparation of the esters represented by formula 1: The process includes reacting an alcohol with a long-chain acid R2COOH or long-chain ester R2COOR4 in the presence of an organic solvent and an enzyme with or without the removal of water.
Abstract:
A new approach contemplating a variety of improved methods and systems to perform intelligent image resizing on an image is proposed. The approach enables a user to interactively mark or select portions of the image to preserve and/or remove. An energy function can then be used to calculate values of an energy metric, for a non-limiting example, entropy, on every pixel over the entire image. Such calculated values can then be used to determine the optimal regions where new pixels are to be inserted or existing pixels are to be removed in order to minimize the amount of energy lost (for shrinking) or added (for growing) in the image.
Abstract:
Method for the preparation of ester compounds for use as skin brightening agents and compositions for brightening skin containing the ester compounds.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to highly enantiomerically pure lactam-substituted propanoic acid derivatives and methods of making and using therefor. The invention involves a multi-step synthesis to produce the lactam compounds. In one step of the reaction sequence, asymmetric hydrogenation of a lactam-enamide was performed to produce an intermediate that can ultimately be converted to a series of pharmaceutical compounds. The invention also contemplates the in situ synthesis of an intermediate of the multi-step synthesis, which provides economic advantages to the overall synthesis of the lactam compounds.
Abstract:
Disclosed are novel phosphine-phosphoramidite compounds which may be employed in combination with a catalytically-active metal to effect a wide variety of reactions such as asymmetric hydrogenations, asymmetric reductions, asymmetric hydroborations, asymmetric olefin isomerizations, asymmetric hydrosilations, asymmetric allylations, asymmetric conjugate additions, and asymmetric organometallic additions. Also disclosed are a process for the preparation of the phosphine-phosphoramidite compounds, metal complex compounds comprising at least one of the phosphine-phosphoramidite compounds and a catalytically-active metal and hydrogenation processes utilizing the metal complex compounds.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to highly enantiomerically pure lactam-substituted propanoic acid derivatives and methods of making and using therefor. The invention involves a multi-step synthesis to produce the lactam compounds. In one step of the reaction sequence, asymmetric hydrogenation of a lactam-enamide was performed to produce an intermediate that can ultimately be converted to a series of pharmaceutical compounds. The invention also contemplates the in situ synthesis of an intermediate of the multi-step synthesis, which provides economic advantages to the overall synthesis of the lactam compounds.
Abstract:
Disclosed are novel phosphinometallocenylamides that are useful as ligands for asymmetric catalysis. The novel ligands, which are readily modifiable, contain both a phosphine and an amide functionality linked by a metallocene backbone. In addition, the novel compounds are phosphine-amides derived from a phosphine-amine, rather than a phosphine-carboxylic acid. Further, described herein are both processes to make the novel ligands as well as processes that employ such ligands in a catalytically active composition comprising one or more phosphinometallocenylamide compounds in complex association with one or more Group VIb or Group VIII metals to provide chiral products. Further, we describe exemplary catalyst complexes incorporating the novel ligands.
Abstract:
2-Pyrimidine thioesters and thiocarbonates are disclosed as effective skin brightening agents. These compounds may be formulated with dermatologically acceptable carriers to form skin brightening compositions. Methods for brightening skin and for inhibiting melanogenesis using these agents are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Esters of 4,5-disubstituted-oxy-2-methyl-3,6-dioxo-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl alkyl acids were prepared chemically and/or enzymatically. Depending upon the ester, improved melanocyte cytotoxicity was achieved. Improved cytotoxicity characteristics are consistent with ester analogs being more physiologically compatible and less irritating to skin than their corresponding acids.