摘要:
Anthraquinone is produced by reacting phthalic anhydride with benzene in the liquid phase over a super acid catalyst which may be an oxide of the Group 4b metals zirconium, hafnium, and titanium, or the Group 5b metals niobium, tantalum, and vanadium, preferably zirconium oxide, such oxides being treated with sulfuric acid and calcined. The process may also be applied to substituted equivalents, such as methyl phthalic anhydride and toluene.
摘要:
A process for testing the effectiveness of demulsifying additives on oil/water emulsions includes adding samples containing differing combinations of oil, water and demulsifier to a plurality of elongate reactor vials, wherein each the elongate reactor vial has a longitudinal axis extending from its bottom to its rim. The plurality of reactor vials are placed into a reaction block mounted on a platform of a shaker, wherein the reactor vials are received in stations of the reaction block in a vertical orientation such that the longitudinal axis of each reactor vial is perpendicular to the platform. The reaction block is pivoted the so that the longitudinal axis of each reactor vial is parallel with the platform in a horizontal orientation. The method further includes agitating the reactor vials with the shaker to simultaneously form an oil/water emulsion in each reactor vial while the reactor vials are in the horizontal orientation and then pivoting the reaction block to return the reactor vials to a vertical orientation. The demulsification of the oil/water emulsion in the plurality of reactor vials is observed with the reactor vials in the vertical orientation. In one embodiment, the method further includes using an imaging device to record the demulsification of the oil/water emulsion.
摘要:
A system and method for quantifying opaque inhomogeneities within a fluid sample. The system uses an optical lens system to focus a light beam onto a stage where the sample is introduced. The light beam is directed onto the sample in a pattern such that the intensity of transmitted light is measured as a function of path length. A photo detector measures the transmitted light through the sample. Fluctuations in transmitted light intensity are then correlated with detection of opaque inclusions in the sample. The system also includes an automated program which utilizes these optical concentration measurements to determine the fouling potential of visbroken tars, and regulates the introduction of chemical inhibitors into a visbreaker unit to improve the yield of light streams and/or economic value of product.
摘要:
Alkylphosphonate ester compounds or acids thereof are disclosed as effective fouling inhibitors in liquid hydrocarbonaceous medium undergoing processing at elevated temperatures.
摘要:
A water soluble isopropenylphosphonic acid copolymer composition and method of use thereof are disclosed. The copolymer comprises repeat units (a) of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X=OH or OM, wherein M is a cation, and repeat units (b) of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 linear or branched alkyl, phenyl or alkyl substituted phenyl. The copolymers are effective in inhibiting the precipitation of scale forming salts and also act to inhibit corrosion in boiler water systems.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to a method for producing an emulsified aqueous hydrocarbon solution comprising, providing a liquid hydrocarbon stream at a particular temperature and a separate water stream, mixing the water stream with a surfactant at a predetermined ratio, raising the pressure of the hydrocarbon stream to a pressure greater than the vapor pressure of steam at the temperature, spraying the water into the hydrocarbon stream at a pressure greater than that of the hydrocarbon stream in a pre-mix chamber; and passing the pressurized hydrocarbon-water mixture through a static mixing chamber.
摘要:
The present invention is directed towards the use of a reaction product of an alkynediol and a polyalkylene polyamine to inhibit metal surface corrosion caused by water present in the hydrocarbons in oil pipelines.
摘要:
Methods and compositions are provided for cleaning and inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits on jet engine components during the combustion of turbine combustion fuel oils. Methods and compositions are also provided for inhibiting the formation and emission of soot and smoke from jet engine exhaust during turbine combustion fuel oil combustion. The methods employ a derivative of (thio)phosphonic acid added to the turbine combustion fuel oil. The preferred derivative is pentaerythritol ester of polyisobutenylthiophosphonic acid.
摘要:
Methods and compositions for pretreating a metal surface are provided. The methods comprise applying to the metal surface a hydrolysate of a copolymer of an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof and a vinyltrialkoxysilane compound. Novel zinc salt hydrolysate compositions and zirconium salt hydrolysate compositions are also disclosed.
摘要:
A method for accelerating the settling of finely divided solids in hydrocarbon fluids comprising adding to the hydrocarbon a sufficient settling amount of quaternary fatty ammonium compound. Preferably, the hydrocarbon is a fluid catalytic cracker slurry containing spent catalyst fines.