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公开(公告)号：US06259193B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-10
申请号：US09093046
申请日：1998-06-08
IPC分类号： H01J115
摘要： A filament comprises a generally thin metal component, such as a sheet, ribbon, or foil. The filament comprises at least one emitter, at least one current-condensing structure and a tab on each end of the at least one emitter. Each tab is connectable to a support system, comprising for example a lead and attachment post. When a current is passed through the filament, the current-condensing structure establishes current flow through the filament resulting in a desired temperature distribution across the emitter, for example a substantially uniform temperature distribution. A predictive tool for determining a geometry of a filament to provide a desired temperature distribution is set forth. The filament may be curved, and methods and systems for providing a curved filament are also provided. Attachment systems are further disclosed for attaching an emitter to a support structure.
摘要翻译： 长丝包括通常薄的金属部件，例如片，带或箔。 灯丝包括至少一个发射器，至少一个电流冷凝结构和至少一个发射器的每个端部上的突出部。 每个标签可连接到支撑系统，包括例如引线和附接柱。 当电流通过灯丝时，电流冷凝结构建立通过灯丝的电流，导致跨过发射器的所需温度分布，例如基本均匀的温度分布。 阐述了用于确定细丝几何形状以提供所需温度分布的预测工具。 丝可以是弯曲的，并且还提供了用于提供弯曲细丝的方法和系统。 进一步公开了用于将发射器附接到支撑结构的附接系统。
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公开(公告)号：US06464551B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-15
申请号：US09583404
申请日：2000-05-31
IPC分类号： H01J904
摘要： A filament comprises a generally thin metal component, such as a sheet, ribbon, or foil. The filament comprises at least one emitter, at least one current-condensing structure and a tab on each end of the at least one emitter. Each tab is connectable to a support system, comprising for example a lead and attachment post. When a current is passed through the filament, the current-condensing structure establishes current flow through the filament resulting in a desired temperature distribution across the emitter, for example a substantially uniform temperature distribution. A predictive tool for determining a geometry of a filament to provide a desired temperature distribution is set forth. The filament may be curved, and methods and systems for providing a curved filament are also provided. Attachment systems are further disclosed for attaching an emitter to a support structure.
摘要翻译： 长丝包括通常薄的金属部件，例如片，带或箔。 灯丝包括至少一个发射器，至少一个电流冷凝结构和至少一个发射器的每个端部上的突出部。 每个标签可连接到支撑系统，包括例如引线和附接柱。 当电流通过灯丝时，电流冷凝结构建立通过灯丝的电流，导致跨过发射器的所需温度分布，例如基本均匀的温度分布。 阐述了用于确定细丝几何形状以提供所需温度分布的预测工具。 丝可以是弯曲的，并且还提供了用于提供弯曲细丝的方法和系统。 进一步公开了用于将发射器附接到支撑结构的附接系统。
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3.发明授权Refining and analysis of material using horizontal cold-crucible induction levitation melting 失效使用水平冷坩埚诱导悬浮熔化的材料的精炼和分析公开(公告)号：US06210478B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-03
申请号：US09346133
申请日：1999-07-09
IPC分类号： C30B1322
摘要： A method and apparatus for locally and successively melting a material by induction heating using a horizontal floating-zone crucible to refine and/or analyze the material. An electromagnetic field is generated to create a localized molten zone within the material that is at least partially levitated within the crucible. The crucible has an upper peripheral opening so that an upper portion of the molten zone is generally at a higher temperature than the lower portion of the molten zone adjacent the crucible wall. As a result, insoluble inclusions within the material separate and float to the upper portion of the molten zone. The molten zone may be translated longitudinally through the material to drive the inclusions toward one end of the material. The process can be carried out to refine or characterize the material, or to determine the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the material.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过感应加热局部且连续地熔化材料的方法和装置，使用水平浮动区坩埚来精炼和/或分析材料。 产生电磁场以产生在坩埚内至少部分悬浮的材料内的局部熔融区。 坩埚具有上周边开口，使得熔融区的上部通常处于比邻近坩埚壁的熔融区的下部更高的温度。 结果，材料内的不溶性夹杂物分离并漂浮到熔融区的上部。 熔融区域可以纵向平移通过材料以朝向材料的一端驱动夹杂物。 该过程可以进行以细化或表征材料，或确定材料的固相和液相线温度。
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4.发明授权Rhenium-coated tungsten-based alloy and composite articles and method therefor 失效铼涂层钨基合金及复合制品及其制备方法公开(公告)号：US06203752B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-20
申请号：US09572397
申请日：2000-05-16
IPC分类号： B32B1501
CPC分类号： C23C24/087 , B22F5/007 , B22F7/008 , B22F2998/00 , C03B37/083 , C03B37/095 , C23C24/02 , C23C26/00 , C23C30/00 , Y10T428/12771 , Y10T428/1284 , B22F5/10 , B22F7/06 , B22F5/106
摘要： A furnace component having a tungsten-based substrate whose surface is protected by a rhenium-based layer in order to render the component less reactive to quartz, glass and other forms of silica. The layer preferably consists essentially of rhenium or rhenium with alloying additions of tungsten. The substrate may be formed of concentric layers of different tungsten-based alloys in order to tailor the physical and mechanical properties of the component. A preferred method of forming the rhenium layer is to wrap the substrate with a rhenium-based wire, and then heat the wire and substrate to sinter and bond the wire to the substrate. Alternatively, the substrate and rhenium layer can be formed by isostatic pressing. Both methods are performed so that the substrate and layer have densities of at least about 96% of their respective theoretical densities.
摘要翻译： 一种具有钨基底座的炉子部件，其表面被铼基层保护，以使部件对石英，玻璃和其它形式的二氧化硅的反应性较差。 该层优选地由具有合金添加的钨的铼或铼组成。 衬底可以由不同钨基合金的同心层形成，以便定制组件的物理和机械性能。 形成铼层的优选方法是用铼基线缠绕衬底，然后加热线和衬底以将线烧结并结合到衬底。 或者，可以通过等静压来形成基板和铼层。 执行这两种方法使得基底和层的密度至少为它们各自的理论密度的约96％。
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5.发明授权Rhenium-coated tungsten-based alloy and composite articles and method therefor 有权铼涂层钨基合金及复合制品及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US6162552A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-19
申请号：US204230
申请日：1998-12-03
IPC分类号： B22F5/00 , B22F7/00 , C03B37/083 , C03B37/095 , C23C24/02 , C23C24/08 , C23C26/00 , C23C30/00 , B32B15/04
CPC分类号： C23C24/087 , B22F5/007 , B22F7/008 , B22F2998/00 , C03B37/083 , C03B37/095 , C23C24/02 , C23C26/00 , C23C30/00 , Y10T428/12771 , Y10T428/1284 , B22F5/10 , B22F7/06 , B22F5/106
摘要： A furnace component having a tungsten-based substrate whose surface is protected by a rhenium-based layer in order to render the component less reactive to quartz, glass and other forms of silica. The layer preferably consists essentially of rhenium or rhenium with alloying additions of tungsten. The substrate may be formed of concentric layers of different tungsten-based alloys in order to tailor the physical and mechanical properties of the component. A preferred method of forming the rhenium layer is to wrap the substrate with a rhenium-based wire, and then heat the wire and substrate to sinter and bond the wire to the substrate. Alternatively, the substrate and rhenium layer can be formed by isostatic pressing. Both methods are performed so that the substrate and layer have densities of at least about 96% of their respective theoretical densities.
摘要翻译： 一种具有钨基底座的炉子部件，其表面被铼基层保护，以使部件对石英，玻璃和其它形式的二氧化硅的反应性较差。 该层优选地由具有合金添加的钨的铼或铼组成。 衬底可以由不同钨基合金的同心层形成，以便定制组件的物理和机械性能。 形成铼层的优选方法是用铼基线缠绕衬底，然后加热线和衬底以将线烧结并结合到衬底。 或者，可以通过等静压来形成基板和铼层。 执行这两种方法使得基底和层的密度至少为它们各自的理论密度的约96％。
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公开(公告)号：US07329979B2
公开(公告)日：2008-02-12
申请号：US10891275
申请日：2004-07-15
申请人： Bernard Patrick Bewlay , Bruce Alan Knudsen , James Anthony Brewer , James Scott Vartuli , Dennis Joseph Dalpe , Mohamed Rahmane
发明人： Bernard Patrick Bewlay , Bruce Alan Knudsen , James Anthony Brewer , James Scott Vartuli , Dennis Joseph Dalpe , Mohamed Rahmane
CPC分类号： H01J61/366 , C22C1/051 , C22C29/12 , H01B1/16 , H01J61/363 , Y10T428/252
摘要： An electrically conducting cermet comprises at least one transition metal element dispersed in a matrix of at least one refractory oxide selected from the group consisting of yttria, alumina, garnet, magnesium aluminum oxide, and combinations; wherein an amount of the at least one transition metal element is less than 15 volume percent of the total volume of the cermet. A device comprises the aforementioned electrically conducting cermet.
摘要翻译： 导电金属陶瓷包括分散在选自氧化钇，氧化铝，石榴石，氧化镁铝和组合中的至少一种难熔氧化物的基质中的至少一种过渡金属元素; 其中所述至少一种过渡金属元素的量小于金属陶瓷总体积的15体积％。 一种装置包括上述导电金属陶瓷。
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公开(公告)号：US06419758B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US09394212
申请日：1999-09-10
IPC分类号： C22C2704
CPC分类号： H01J9/04 , B22F2003/248 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10 , C22C1/045 , C22C27/04 , C22F1/18 , H01J1/14 , H01J35/06 , B22F5/12 , B22F3/20 , B22F3/24 , B22F3/02 , B22F3/105 , B22F3/17
摘要： An x-ray cathode filament comprises a recrystallized coiled wire that comprises rhenium in a range from about 3 to about 7 weight percent with the balance being tungsten that is doped with potassium at a concentration in a range from about 30 to about 110 PPM. The filament comprises interlocked grains of an average size greater than about 20 microns.
摘要翻译： X射线阴极细丝包括重结晶的线圈，其包含在约3至约7重量％范围内的铼，余量为掺杂有浓度为约30至约110PPM的钾的钨。 长丝包括平均尺寸大于约20微米的互锁晶粒。
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8.发明授权Method for directional solidification of a molten material and apparatus therefor 失效熔融材料的定向凝固方法及其设备的方法
公开(公告)号：US6059015A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-09
申请号：US882891
申请日：1997-06-26
CPC分类号： F27B14/063
摘要： A method for directional solidification (DS) of a molten material, and an apparatus therefor. The method generally entails the use of a container having a base and peripheral wall that define an interior of the container, an induction coil for heating the contents of the container and generating an electromagnetic field, and means for controllably separating the container from the heating means and the electromagnetic field, such as by withdrawing the container from the heating means and electromagnetic field. Using such an apparatus, a material is heated within the container to yield a melt that is substantially prevented from contacting the wall of the container as a result of being at least partially levitated by the electromagnetic field. The container is then separated, e.g., withdrawn from the heating means and the electromagnetic field so as to cause directional solidification of the melt while the majority of the melt remains spaced apart from the wall of the container, yielding a directionally solidified article whose composition has not been significantly affected by reactions with the container. The invention is particularly directed to the production of DS ingots of high temperature materials containing one or more reactive elements.
摘要翻译： 熔融材料的定向固化（DS）的方法及其装置。 该方法通常需要使用具有限定容器内部的基部和周壁的容器，用于加热容器的内容物并产生电磁场的感应线圈，以及用于将容器与加热装置可控地分离的装置 和电磁场，例如通过从加热装置中取出容器和电磁场。 使用这样的装置，在容器内加热材料以产生基本上防止由于被电磁场至少部分悬浮的容器的壁而接触的熔体。 然后将容器分离，例如从加热装置和电磁场中取出，以便熔融物的定向凝固，同时大部分熔体保持与容器的壁间隔开，产生定向凝固的制品，其组成为 没有受到与容器反应的显着影响。 本发明特别涉及含有一种或多种反应性元素的高温材料的DS锭的生产。
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公开(公告)号：US08299709B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-30
申请号：US11702319
申请日：2007-02-05
申请人： Bernard Patrick Bewlay , Dennis Joseph Dalpe , Bruce Alan Knudsen , Mohamed Rahmane , Svetlana Selezneva , James Scott Vartuli , James Anthony Brewer
发明人： Bernard Patrick Bewlay , Dennis Joseph Dalpe , Bruce Alan Knudsen , Mohamed Rahmane , Svetlana Selezneva , James Scott Vartuli , James Anthony Brewer
IPC分类号： H01J17/18
CPC分类号： H01J61/363
摘要： A lamp is provided with an axially and radially graded structure to reduce the possibility of thermal stresses, cracks, and other defects in the lamp. In one embodiment, a system includes a ceramic lamp having a ceramic arc envelope and an end structure coupled to the ceramic arc envelope, wherein the end structure is graded both axially and radially into a plurality of regions. In another embodiment, a system includes a lamp having a layered end structure with a plurality of layers disposed one over another and that extend in both axial and radial directions relative to an axis of the lamp, wherein the plurality of layers include different materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion, Poisson's ratios, or elastic moduli, or a combination thereof.
摘要翻译： 灯具设置有轴向和径向渐变的结构，以减少灯的热应力，裂纹和其他缺陷的可能性。 在一个实施例中，系统包括具有陶瓷电弧外壳和耦合到陶瓷电弧外壳的端部结构的陶瓷灯，其中端部结构沿轴向和径向分级成多个区域。 在另一个实施例中，一种系统包括具有层叠端部结构的灯，其具有多个层，所述多个层彼此重叠设置并且相对于灯的轴线在轴向和径向方向上延伸，其中所述多个层包括具有不同材料的不同材料 热膨胀系数，泊松比或弹性模量，或其组合。
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10.发明授权Apparatus for incorporating a gaseous elemental component into a molten metal, and related articles, processes, and compositions 有权用于将气态元素组分并入熔融金属的装置，以及相关的制品，工艺和组合物公开(公告)号：US07497986B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-03
申请号：US10932128
申请日：2004-09-01
IPC分类号： C23C8/24
CPC分类号： C22C27/02 , B22F2998/00 , C22C1/053 , C22C1/1036 , C22C29/18 , C22C32/0078 , F01D5/28 , F01D25/005 , F05C2201/90 , F27B14/04 , F27B14/063 , F27B14/14 , F27D9/00 , Y02P10/253 , Y02T50/672 , B22F5/04 , B22F5/009
摘要： An apparatus for incorporating an elemental component in gaseous form into a molten metal is described. The apparatus comprises a container for holding the molten metal; means for cooling the container; heating means for maintaining the metal in the molten state; and a canopy which covers the top of the container. The apparatus also includes at least one aperture through which a desired gaseous material can be fed from a gas source. A related method for incorporating an elemental component in gaseous form into a molten metal is also described. The method includes the step of providing the metal in a container apparatus as described above, and feeding the gaseous elemental component from a gas source into the container, while maintaining the metal in the molten state. Articles prepared by such a method are also disclosed, as well as niobium base composites which comprise niobium, silicon, and nitrogen.
摘要翻译： 描述了将气态元素组分并入熔融金属中的装置。 该装置包括用于保持熔融金属的容器; 用于冷却容器的装置; 用于将金属保持在熔融状态的加热装置; 和覆盖容器顶部的顶盖。 该装置还包括至少一个孔，通过该孔可从气体源供给所需的气态物质。 还描述了将气态元素组分并入熔融金属中的相关方法。 该方法包括如下步骤：在如上所述的容器装置中提供金属，并将气态元素组分从气体源供给到容器中，同时保持金属处于熔融状态。 还公开了通过这种方法制备的制品，以及包含铌，硅和氮的铌基复合材料。
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