摘要:
A partially redundant, contactless pedal-travel sensor is used for controlling a vehicle. This pedal travel sensor generates at least two redundant signals using a contactless sensor and an electronic circuit. These signals are fed to a control and/or regulating unit, where they are subjected to a plausibility check to detect a faulty pedal-travel sensor. To improve safety during a failure of a pedal-travel sensor and to improve the diagnostic options, it is provided that a specific position of the pedal is detected by a switch and a signal is generated by the switch. Then a plausibility comparison of the signal generated by the switch with the signals generated by the pedal-travel sensor is performed.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a throttle valve unit having a housing part and a valve flap part that can move in relation to it includes the steps of injection molding the housing part of a first plastic material in a first cavity, transferring the molded housing part to a second cavity spatially decoupled from the first cavity, and injection molding the movable valve flap part out of a second plastic material in a second mold cavity inside the molded housing part. Before the molded housing part is transferred to the second cavity, it is subjected to an intermediate treatment in order to influence the shrinkage behavior, thereby selectively adjusting the gap geometries between the parts.
摘要:
The invention relates to a throttle device for the intake section of an internal combustion engine, wherein the throttle device has a multi-part housing that contains a throttle valve device in movable fashion, which can be actuated by means of an actuating drive unit. A base housing, which is embodied as an injection molded component and accommodates the throttle valve device, can also accommodate first housing parts of different flange patterns as interfaces with the intake section and additional second housing parts, which are accommodated so that they can move in relation to the base housing, in order to modify the air conduction.
摘要:
A control device for the control of an opening cross-sectional area of a flow duct, in particular for internal combustion engines, comprising three sub-assemblies, an actuator housing with flow channel and setting window, a rotor with a rotary valve for controlling the window opening, and a drive housing with stator and stator winding. For setting a required air gap between the rotary valve and the setting window, a control section of the rotary valve covering the setting window is designed as a cone envelope segment, and is inclined at an acute angle to the rotor axis. The window lying in a cone envelope plane is located at the same angle of inclination. By means of a spacing disk between the rotor, with the rotary valve affixed thereon, and the actuator housing, the air gap is set and fixed as required.
摘要:
In a rotary actuator (1) with rotary slide valve (3) for controlling a throttle cross-section, the sealing of the pneumatic (16) and of the electrical part (17) is to be improved. For this purpose, the shaft (11) is supported twofold, both on this side and on the other side of the rotary slide valve (3). Both roller bearings (13, 14) are located in a one-piece housing (12). As a result, the tolerance-related width of the air gap between rotary slide valve (3) and control opening (6) is reduced, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, an isolating seal between the parts (16) and (17) is formed by the bearing (13). The rotary actuator (1) is particularly suitable as idle-speed rotary actuator for internal combustion engines.
摘要:
A sensor for measuring a variable, in particular a physical variable, includes at least one converter element converting the variable into an electrical signal. At least one electronic signal processing unit conditions and/or processes the electrical signal to provide a sensor signal. The at least one electronic signal processing unit has at least one diagnosis device. An interface passes on the sensor signal through a connection, in particular a cable connection, to an electrical device, in particular a control device. The diagnosis device causes a fault signal instead of the sensor signal to be present at the interface when a fault occurs, for clearly distinguishing a fault at the interface from a processing fault. A circuit having such a sensor and a method for operating the sensor and the circuit are also provided.
摘要:
A pulse supercharger for internal combustion engines, in which the pulse supercharger is situated in a charge air duct. The flow cross-section of the charge air duct for a charge air flow is opened or closed via the pulse supercharger. The pulse supercharger includes two synchronously operatable rotary slide elements.
摘要:
An electronic circuit for detecting measured quantities, having a sensor unit for generating an analog measurement signal and having a signal detecting unit (120) with a first analog/digital converter for digitizing the analog measurement signal. Differences in the fluctuations of the supply voltages that are supplied to the sensor unit and the signal detecting unit essentially result in the generation of undesirable fluctuations in the measurement signal. To minimize these effects or compensate for them, the digitized measurement signal is corrected in response to a voltage signal (U) that represents the imprecision x1 of the first supply voltage (VS1).
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for catalysing complex reactions or large molecules, more specifically, to enzyme-catalysed reactions during which undesirable consecutive or subsidiary reactions usually occur; using enzymes which are bonded to a polymer support. According to the invention, undesirable consecutive or subsidiary reactions are to a large extent avoided by selecting a non-porous or almost non-porous support material. In particular, the invention relates to a method for the enzymatic extraction of biomolecules, preferably peptides, proteins, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides from their biologically inactive precursors using enzymes which are bonded to a polymer support, especially a method for extracting insulins or their analogs from the corresponding precursors using enzymes which are bonded to a polymer support. As a result of selecting a non-porous almost non-porous support material, this method leads to a selective formation of biomolecules, especially of insulins or insulin analogs and corresponding valuable substances which can be split into said insulins or their analogs, undesirable consecutive or subsidiary reactions being to a large extent avoided.
摘要:
The invention relates to a precursor of human insulin or of an insulin analog of the formula I: Fus-B(1-30)-RDVP-Yn-A(1-21) (I); wherein Fus is an optionally present fusion portion; B(1-30) is a B chain of human insulin, Y is an amino acid chain which terminates with a basic amino acid at the C terminus; n is from 2 to 50 and indicates the length of the amino acid chain Y; and A(1-21) is an A chain of human insulin, and the A chain and/or the B chain can be modified by amino acid substitution, deletions and/or additions. The present invention also provides DNA coding for the above precursors, preparation and use of the instant precursors and DNA, and a process for preparing human insulin or an insulin analog.