公开(公告)号：US5389788A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-14

申请号：US166790

申请日：1993-12-13

申请人： Jan Grinberg ,  Raymond Balcerak ,  Chiung-Sheng Wu ,  Uzi Efron ,  Paul O. Braatz

发明人： Jan Grinberg ,  Raymond Balcerak ,  Chiung-Sheng Wu ,  Uzi Efron ,  Paul O. Braatz

IPC分类号： G01J5/04 ,  G01J5/20 ,  G02F1/135 ,  H01L27/146 ,  G02F1/136

CPC分类号： H01L27/146 ,  G02B23/125 ,  G02F1/1354 ,  H04N5/3651 ,  H04N5/33

摘要： An infrared (IR) radiation transducer integrates an IR detector array with a liquid crystal (LC) readout. The IR detector is preferably a pixelized bolometer array, but other detectors such as pyroelectric materials are possible. To modulate the LC in response to detected IR radiation, a modulating section is provided that includes a charge injection structure which injects electrical charge in response to the detected IR radiation, and a charge transfer structure that transfers the injected charge to the LC readout section. During its active phase the charge transfer layer is depleted of majority charge carriers, and the charge injection and transfer mechanism operates in a manner analogous to a bipolar transistor. A visible readout is obtained by directing readout light through the LC, where it is modulated in accordance with the detected IR image. The transducers are small and light weight enough to be incorporated into a pair of goggles, for which no separate cooling is required.

摘要翻译： 红外（IR）辐射传感器将IR检测器阵列与液晶（LC）读数器集成。 IR检测器优选地是像素化的测辐射热计阵列，但是其他检测器如热电材料也是可能的。 为了响应于检测到的IR辐射来调制LC，提供了调制部分，其包括响应于检测到的IR辐射而注入电荷的电荷注入结构，以及将注入的电荷传送到LC读出部分的电荷转移结构。 在其活性阶段期间，电荷转移层耗尽多数电荷载流子，并且电荷注入和转移机制以类似于双极晶体管的方式工作。 通过将读出光引导通过LC获得可见读出，其中根据检测到的IR图像进行调制。 传感器体积小巧，重量轻，可以并入一副护目镜，不需要单独的冷却。

公开(公告)号：USH840H

公开(公告)日：1990-11-06

申请号：US294611

申请日：1989-01-09

申请人： Uzi Efron ,  Paul O. Braatz ,  Jan Grinberg

发明人： Uzi Efron ,  Paul O. Braatz ,  Jan Grinberg

IPC分类号： G02F1/135

CPC分类号： G02F1/135

摘要： A single-Schottky liquid crystal is disclosed in which a series of Schottky contacts are made on one side of a photoconductor substrate by a metal matrix mirror, with a doped semiconductor back contact electrode on the other side of the substrate. The light valve offers several operational advantages over MOS devices, and is easier to fabricate than double-Schottky light valves. It can be operated either in an AC mode or, by doping the liquid crystal ions, in a DC mode.

公开(公告)号：US4842376A

公开(公告)日：1989-06-27

申请号：US758917

申请日：1985-07-25

申请人： Paul O. Braatz ,  Uzi Efron

发明人： Paul O. Braatz ,  Uzi Efron

IPC分类号： G02F1/135 ,  G02F1/136 ,  G02F1/1365 ,  H01L31/108 ,  H01L31/14

CPC分类号： G02F1/1354

摘要： A double Schottky diode light valve (5) includes a liquid crystal (80) for locally modulating a beam (120) by polarization rotation to produce a modulated beam (121), and a photoconductor (40) located adjacent the liquid crystal (80) for receiving and absorbing a second beam (110). The photoconductor (40) controls the polarization responsively to the optical content of the second beam (110). The photoconductor (46) includes a semiconductor substrate and a pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) disposed on opposing sides of the substrate. The absorption of the second beam (110) by the substrate (40) produces photogenerated majority carriers. The pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) maintain the substrate (40) substantially depleted of such carriers and also reflects the modulated beam back through the liquid crystal.

摘要翻译： 双肖特基二极管光阀（5）包括用于通过偏振旋转来局部调制光束（120）以产生调制光束（121）的液晶（80）和位于液晶（80）附近的光电导体（40） 用于接收和吸收第二光束（110）。 光电导体（40）响应于第二光束（110）的光学内容来控制极化。 光电导体（46）包括半导体衬底和设置在衬底的相对侧上的一对肖特基二极管（60/40,30/40）。 基板（40）对第二光束（110）的吸收产生光生多数载流子。 这对肖特基二极管（60/40,30/40）保持了基本上耗尽这种载流子的衬底（40），并且还将经调制的光束反射回液晶。

公开(公告)号：US4881110A

公开(公告)日：1989-11-14

申请号：US194352

申请日：1988-05-16

申请人： Paul O. Braatz ,  Uzi Efron

发明人： Paul O. Braatz ,  Uzi Efron

IPC分类号： G02F1/015 ,  G02F1/135 ,  G02F1/17

CPC分类号： G02F1/1354 ,  G02F1/015 ,  G02F1/17

摘要： A double Schottky diode light valve (5) includes a liquid crystal (80) for locally modulating a beam (120) by polarization rotation to produce a modulated beam (121), and a photoconductor (40) located adjacent the liquid crystal (80) for receiving and absorbing a second beam (110). The photoconductor (40) controls the polarization responsively to the optical content of the second beam (110). The photoconductor (46) includes a semiconductor substrate and a pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) disposed on opposing sides of the substrate. The absorption of the second beam (110) by the substrate (40) produces photogenerated carriers. The pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) maintain the substrate (40) substantially depleted of such carriers and also reflects the modulated beam back through the liquid crystal.

摘要翻译： 双肖特基二极管光阀（5）包括用于通过偏振旋转局部调制光束（120）以产生调制光束（121）的液晶（80）和位于液晶（80）附近的光电导体（40） 用于接收和吸收第二光束（110）。 光电导体（40）响应于第二光束（110）的光学内容来控制极化。 光电导体（46）包括半导体衬底和设置在衬底的相对侧上的一对肖特基二极管（60/40,30/40）。 基板（40）对第二光束（110）的吸收产生光生载流子。 这对肖特基二极管（60/40,30/40）保持了基本上耗尽这种载流子的衬底（40），并且还将经调制的光束反射回液晶。

公开(公告)号：US5759447A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-02

申请号：US577604

申请日：1995-12-22

申请人： Uzi Efron ,  Chiung-Sheng Wu ,  Larry Raymond Dalton ,  Eli Wiener-Avnear

发明人： Uzi Efron ,  Chiung-Sheng Wu ,  Larry Raymond Dalton ,  Eli Wiener-Avnear

IPC分类号： G11B7/244 ,  G11B7/245 ,  F21V9/00 ,  G03C1/00 ,  G03C11/00

CPC分类号： G11B7/244 ,  G11B7/245 ,  G11B7/2467

摘要： An erasable optical memory is provided by an erasable bistable photoactive chromophore that is covalently bonded to a polymer microsphere. An azobenzene chromophore that is bonded to the microsphere by an oxygen or NH replacement of chlorine, or a CH double bond to N, is preferred. An array of such microspheres is encoded by applying radiation at a resonant wavelength to induce a conformational change in the chromophores for selected microspheres, and the encoded pattern is read out by detecting changes in either absorption or fluorescence.

摘要翻译： 可擦除光学存储器由共价键合到聚合物微球上的可擦除双稳态光活性发色团提供。 通过氧气或NH置换氯或CH双键与N键合到偶氮苯发色团是优选的。 通过以共振波长施加辐射以诱导所选微球的发色团的构象变化来编码这种微球的阵列，并且通过检测吸收或荧光的变化来读出编码图案。

公开(公告)号：US4826300A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-02

申请号：US79607

申请日：1987-07-30

申请人： Uzi Efron ,  Paul O. Braatz ,  Prahalad K. Vasudev ,  Glenn D. Robertson

发明人： Uzi Efron ,  Paul O. Braatz ,  Prahalad K. Vasudev ,  Glenn D. Robertson

IPC分类号： G02F1/135 ,  G02F1/13

CPC分类号： G02F1/1354

摘要： An LCLV is formed with a sapphire substrate base, a highly doped, thin silicon epitaxial layer forming an ohmic back contact on a smooth surface of the sapphire substrate, and a lightly doped, high resistivity silicon epitaxial layer in the range of about 20-60 microns thick on the back contact. The use of a sapphire substrate provides a better surface quality and higher resolution than previously available with the semiconductor substrates. Lattice defects in the thin back contact are reduced by the formation of a buried amorphous layer adjacent the sapphire substrate, and subsequent recrystallization thereof using the unamorphized portions of the back contact as recrystallization seeds. The application of the invention to both MOS and Schottky diode LCLVs is discussed.

摘要翻译： LCLV由在蓝宝石衬底的光滑表面上形成欧姆背接触的蓝宝石衬底基底，高度掺杂的薄硅外延层和轻掺杂的高电阻率硅外延层形成，其范围为约20-60 背面接触微米厚。 使用蓝宝石衬底提供比以前可用的半导体衬底更好的表面质量和更高的分辨率。 通过在蓝宝石衬底附近形成埋置的非晶层，减少薄背接触中的晶格缺陷，随后使用后接触的未变质部分再结晶作为再结晶种子。 讨论了将本发明应用于MOS和肖特基二极管LCLV。

公开(公告)号：US4807976A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-28

申请号：US33319

申请日：1987-04-01

申请人： Michael J. Little ,  Uzi Efron ,  Paul O. Braatz ,  Robert N. Schwartz ,  Yuri Owechko ,  Murray S. Welkowsky

发明人： Michael J. Little ,  Uzi Efron ,  Paul O. Braatz ,  Robert N. Schwartz ,  Yuri Owechko ,  Murray S. Welkowsky

IPC分类号： G02F1/133 ,  G02F1/135 ,  G09G3/36 ,  G02F1/01

CPC分类号： G02F1/133348 ,  G02F1/135

摘要： A pulsed readout technique is described for liquid crystal light valves which eliminates the problem of readout beam leakage through the light valve mirror. The readout beam is pulsed on only when the light valve's semiconductor layer is out of a depletion state. This can occur during an accumulation state or, in certain applications, during a specially inserted quiescent period in the light valve voltage cycle. The invention is applicable to light valves with various types of modulating inputs, and can be used with either dielectric or metal matrix mirrors.

摘要翻译： 对于液晶光阀描述了脉冲读出技术，其消除了通过光阀镜的读出光束泄漏的问题。 只有当光阀的半导体层处于耗尽状态时，读出光束才被脉冲。 这可能在累积状态期间或在某些应用中，在光阀电压循环中的特别插入的静止期间发生。 本发明适用于具有各种调制输入的光阀，可用于电介质或金属矩阵镜。

公开(公告)号：US4828368A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-09

申请号：US880217

申请日：1986-06-30

申请人： Uzi Efron ,  Jan Grinberg

发明人： Uzi Efron ,  Jan Grinberg

IPC分类号： H01L27/148 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/015 ,  G02F1/017 ,  G02F1/17 ,  H01L31/0264 ,  H01L31/14

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/017 ,  G02F1/0126 ,  G02F1/01716 ,  G02F2203/12

摘要： A near bandgap radiation modulation spatial light modulator (NBRM SLM) using multiple quantum wells (MQWs) is disclosed. Generally, the MQW NBRM SLM of the present invention comprises a MQW optical modulator and driver means for driving the MQW optical modulator. The MQW NBRM SLMs of the present invention can be configured in a plurality of configurations. The driver and MQW optical modulator may be configured in hybrid or monolithic configurations. The MQW optical modulator can be operated in either transverse or longitudinal electric field modes. The MQW NBRM SLM structures can be operated using either electroabsorption or electrorefraction effects, and in transmissive or reflective modes. The structures are operable with different addressing and write-in mechanisms, including photoactivation and electronic addressing. Alternate embodiments have special features such as cascaded heterojunction MQWs and pixelized submicron metal mirror. The disclosed invention provides an improved, high speed, high resolution, semiconductor driver-compatible, spatial light modulator using multiple quantum wells.

摘要翻译： 公开了使用多个量子阱（MQW）的近带隙辐射调制空间光调制器（NBRM SLM）。 通常，本发明的MQW NBRM SLM包括用于驱动MQW光调制器的MQW光调制器和驱动器装置。 本发明的MQW NBRM SLM可以配置为多种配置。 驱动器和MQW光调制器可以配置为混合或单片配置。 MQW光调制器可以在横向或纵向电场模式下工作。 MQW NBRM SLM结构可以使用电吸收或电折射效​​应以及透射或反射模式进行操作。 该结构可通过不同的寻址和写入机制进行操作，包括光激活和电子寻址。 替代实施例具有特殊特征，例如级联异质结MQW和像素化亚微米金属镜。 所公开的发明提供了使用多个量子阱的改进的高速度，高分辨率，半导体驱动器兼容的空间光调制器。

公开(公告)号：US5048935A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-17

申请号：US947575

申请日：1986-12-24

申请人： Uzi Efron ,  Bernard H. Soffer ,  Richard C. Lind ,  David M. Pepper ,  Thomas R. O'Meara

发明人： Uzi Efron ,  Bernard H. Soffer ,  Richard C. Lind ,  David M. Pepper ,  Thomas R. O'Meara

IPC分类号： G01J9/00 ,  G02B26/06

CPC分类号： G03H1/0005 ,  G01J9/00 ,  G02B26/06 ,  G03H1/2294 ,  G03H2001/0066 ,  G03H2225/32

摘要： Apparatus for compensating for inherent distortions in a modified liquid crystal light valve used in an integrated wavefront sensing and wavefront control system for laser optics. A main wavefront sensing and control system utilizes a liquid crystal light valve selected for response speed but having inherent surface non-linearities. A beam from an auxiliary laser is intermittently applied, while the main laser is blocked, to both the fast response LCLV of the main system and to a slower response LCLV of an associated correction system. The second LCLV system corrects for the non-linearities in the surface of the first LCLV and then maintains the stored correction signal for a decay interval which corresponds to several response times of the main LCLV, thus permitting the main LCLV system to perform fast correction of atmospheric aberrations in the laser beam wavefront unaffected by inherent surface non-linearities.

摘要翻译： 用于补偿在用于激光光学的集成波前感测和波前控制系统中使用的改进的液晶光阀中的固有失真的装置。 主波前感测和控制系统利用了选择响应速度但具有固有表面非线性的液晶光阀。 来自辅助激光器的光束在主激光器被阻挡的同时被间歇地施加到主系统的快速响应LCLV和相关校正系统的较慢响应LCLV。 第二LCLV系统校正第一LCLV的表面中的非线性，然后将存储的校正信号维持在对应于主LCLV的几个响应时间的衰减间隔，从而允许主LCLV系统执行快速校正 激光束波前的大气像差不受固有表面非线性的影响。

公开(公告)号：US06491391B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-10

申请号：US09603736

申请日：2000-06-23

申请人： Ronald D. Blum ,  Dwight P. Dustin ,  Youval Katzman ,  Israel Grossinger ,  Uzi Efron ,  Dan Katzman

发明人： Ronald D. Blum ,  Dwight P. Dustin ,  Youval Katzman ,  Israel Grossinger ,  Uzi Efron ,  Dan Katzman

IPC分类号： G02C702

CPC分类号： C07K16/2866 ,  A61K38/00 ,  A61K2039/505 ,  C07K14/5443 ,  C07K16/244 ,  C07K2319/00 ,  G02C7/08 ,  G02C7/083 ,  G02C7/101

摘要： An electro-active spectacle lens is disclosed. The disclosed lens includes a first lens optic. The disclosed lens also includes a first electro-active zone positioned in a cooperative relationship with the first lens optic. In certain embodiments, the electro-active lens includes a range finder positioned in a cooperative relationship with the electro-active lens.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种电活性眼镜。 所公开的透镜包括第一透镜光学元件。 所公开的透镜还包括与第一透镜光学器件配合关系的第一电活性区域。 在某些实施例中，电动式透镜包括与电动式透镜配合关系的测距仪。