Abstract:
An image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate having opposite first and second surfaces, a wiring structure on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a refractive structure on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate. The refractive structure includes a first anti-reflective layer on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, a refractive pattern on the first anti-reflective layer, an insulation layer on the first anti-reflective layer, and a second anti-reflective layer on the refractive pattern and the insulation layer. The refractive pattern includes first refractive parts spaced apart from each other in a first direction parallel to the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the insulation layer fills spaces between the first refractive parts.
Abstract:
An image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate having opposite first and second surfaces, a wiring structure on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a refractive structure on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate. The refractive structure includes a first anti-reflective layer on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, a refractive pattern on the first anti-reflective layer, an insulation layer on the first anti-reflective layer, and a second anti-reflective layer on the refractive pattern and the insulation layer. The refractive pattern includes first refractive parts spaced apart from each other in a first direction parallel to the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the insulation layer fills spaces between the first refractive parts.
Abstract:
Memory devices and/or methods of storing memory data bits are provided. A memory device includes a multi-level cell (MLC) array including a plurality of MLCs, an error correction unit configured to encode data to be recorded in an MLC, where the encoded data is converted to convert the encoded data into a codeword, an error pattern analysis unit configured to analyze a first data pattern included in the codeword corresponding to an error pattern included in the codeword and a data conversion unit configured to convert the analyzed first data pattern into a second data pattern. According to the above memory devices and/or methods, it is possible to efficiently reduce a data error that occurs when the data is stored for a relatively long period of time, thereby improving reliability.
Abstract:
An optical integrated circuit (IC) package includes an optical IC including an optical IC substrate, an optical IC including an optical IC substrate, an electrical integrated circuit device (EICD) on the optical IC substrate, at least one optical device spaced apart from the EICD on the optical IC substrate, an optical interface on a first side of the optical IC substrate, an electrical interface located on a second side of the optical IC substrate, and an encapsulation member configured to encapsulate the optical IC, the EICD, the at least one optical device, the optical interface, and the electrical interface.
Abstract:
Hybrid silicon lasers are provided including a bulk silicon substrate, a localized insulating layer that extends on at least a portion of the bulk silicon substrate, an optical waveguide structure on an upper surface of the localized insulating layer. The optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide including a silicon layer. A lasing structure is provided on the optical waveguide structure.