Abstract:
Non-ionizing high intensity predominantly continuum light radiation having a source intensity of at least about 350 watts per square centimeter steradian when integrated throughout the entire spectral range of said continuum light radiation is used as the energy source in photochemical reactions. A convenient source of this non-ionizing high intensity predominantly continuum light radiation is a swirl-flow plasma arc radiation apparatus. Among the photochemical reactions that can be carried out, at unexpectedly faster rates and at higher conversions, are photoreduction reactions, photocycloaddition reactions, oxetane formation reactions, halogen additions, halogen substitutions, photonitrosation reactions, photosulfoxidation reactions, bisulfite addition reactions, and many other photochemical addition and substitution reactions.
Abstract:
1. A PROCESS FOR PREFERENTIALLY AND RAPIDLY POLYMERIZING OR CURING OR CROSSLINKING THE EXTERIOR SURFACE OF A FILM LAYER ON A MOVING SUBSTRATE OF A PHOTOCURABLE MONOMER OR POLYMER COMPOSITION CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE POLYMERIZABLE ACRYLYL OR METHACRYLYL GROUP WHICH COMPRISES EXPOSING SAID PHOTOCURABLE COMPOSITIONS UNDER AN INERT GAS ATMOSPHERE TO A LOW PRESSURE MERCURY SHORT WAVE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION SOURCE, AT LEAST 75% OF THE RADIATED POWER BEING AT A WAVELENGTH OF 2,537 ANGSTROM UNITS WHEREBY THE EXTERIOR SURFACE OF THE FILM IS PREFERENTIALLY POLYMERIZED OR CURED OR CROSSLINKED.
Abstract:
VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF CERTAIN ORGANIC CARBONYL PHOTOSENSITIZER COMPOUNDS AND CERTAIN ORGANIC AMINE ACTIVATORS EXERT AN UNEXPECTED BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON THE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF CERTAIN POLYMERIZABLE MONOMERS OR OLIGOMERS AND COATIN COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME. THE SUITABLE CARBONYL COMPOUNDS CONTAIN A KETONIC OXYGEN, FOR EXAMPLE ONE CAN USE ACETOPHENONE OR XANTHONE, AND THE AMINES CAN BE PRIMARY, SECONDARY OR TERTIARY AMINES, FOR EXAMPLE, ONE CAN USE BUTYLDIETHANOLAMINE, TRIETHANOLAMINE, DI-N-BUTYLAMINE OR MORPHOLINE.
Abstract:
Acetophenone compounds have been found useful as photosensitizers in radiation curable coating compositions. The novel photosensitizers of this invention contain the structural group IN WHICH R is an alkyl or aryl group and R'' is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl.