Abstract:
Non-ionizing high intensity predominantly continuum light radiation having a source intensity of at least about 350 watts per square centimeter steradian when integrated throughout the entire spectral range of said continuum light radiation is used as the energy source in photochemical reactions. A convenient source of this non-ionizing high intensity predominantly continuum light radiation is a swirl-flow plasma arc radiation apparatus. Among the photochemical reactions that can be carried out, at unexpectedly faster rates and at higher conversions, are photoreduction reactions, photocycloaddition reactions, oxetane formation reactions, halogen additions, halogen substitutions, photonitrosation reactions, photosulfoxidation reactions, bisulfite addition reactions, and many other photochemical addition and substitution reactions.
Abstract:
Provided as catalysts for the formation of cellular urethane polymers ranging from flexible to rigid foams, are beta-amino carbonyl compounds wherein carbonyl is present as an amido or carboxylic acid ester group and the beta-amino group is present as dialkylamino or an N-morpholino or N,N''-piperazino heterocyclic nucleus. Effective in the catalysis of the waterisocyanate reaction, these beta-amino amides and beta-amino esters are used with particular advantage in the manufacture of water-blown flexible foams, both molded and free-rise, including high-resilience and flame-retarded foam. The beta-amino carbonyl catalysts allow for the formation of foam products essentially free of the odor associated with amines such as Nethylmorpholine. In view of this highly desirable characteristic and their other beneficial properties, the catalysts of the invention are advantageously employed as direct replacements for N-ethylmorpholine in high-resilience and other foam formulations.
Abstract:
Acetophenone compounds have been found useful as photosensitizers in radiation curable coating compositions. The novel photosensitizers of this invention contain the structural group IN WHICH R is an alkyl or aryl group and R'' is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl.