摘要:
A Raman analyzer for analyzing light emitted from a Raman cell is provided that has a beam splitter configured to split the light emitted from the Raman cell into a first beam and a second beam. An atomic vapor filter can be used to filter a Raman scattered line from the first beam and a chopper system can periodically interrupt the first and second beams that are directed towards a photo detector, which can convert light from the first and second beams into an electrical signal. The signal output from the photo detector can optionally be amplified, digitized, Fourier filtered, and/or subjected to Fourier analysis.
摘要:
Novel methods of retroviral-mediated gene transfer for the in vivo corporation and stable expression of eukaryotic or prokaryotic foreign genes in tissues of living animals is described. More specifically, methods of incorporating foreign genes into mitotically active cells are disclosed. The constitutive and stable expression of E. coli .beta.-galactosidase gene under the promoter control of the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat is employed as a particularly preferred embodiment, by way of example, establishes the model upon which the incorporation of a foreign gene into a mitotically-active living eukaryotic tissue is based.Use of the described methods in therapeutic treatments for genetic diseases, such as those muscular degenerative diseases, is also presented. In muscle tissue, the described processes result in genetically-altered satellite cells which proliferate daughter myoblasts which preferentially fuse to form a single undamaged muscle fiber replacing damaged muscle tissue in a treated animal. The retroviral vector, by way of example, includes a dystrophin gene construct for use in treating muscular dystrophy.The present invention also comprises an experimental model utilizable in the study of the physiological regulation of skeletal muscle gene expression in intact animals.
摘要:
A method and apparatus include an n-doped layer having a first applied charge, and a p−-doped layer having a second applied charge. The p−-doped layer may be positioned below the n-doped layer. A p+-doped buffer layer may have a third applied charge and be positioned below the p−-doped layer. The respective charges at each layer may be determined based on a dopant level and a physical dimension of the layer. In one example, the n-doped layer, the p−-doped layer, and the p+-doped buffer layer comprise a lateral semiconductor manufactured from silicon carbide (SiC).
摘要:
A method and apparatus include a primary transformer coil, a secondary transformer coil, and a center tapped inductor coupled to the secondary transformer coil. A first switch may be in electrical communication with the center tapped inductor and may be configured to affect the first output voltage. A second switch may be in electrical communication with the center tapped inductor and may be configured to affect the second output voltage. In a particular example with an analog current (AC) output voltage, the two output voltages are out of phase to each other. In a direct current (DC) implementation, the transformer may be operated to output a positive and a negative output voltage. The apparatus may function as a resonant converter, or may operate in non-resonant mode. In one implementation, an H bridge may provide reactive power support. An inductor filter may be in electrical communication with the secondary transformer coil. Where desired, a diode bridge may be in electrical communication with the primary transformer coil.
摘要:
Method and apparatus include a circuit having a duty cycle and interleaving modulation configured to realize high density and efficient energy transfer. The circuit may efficiently achieve higher step-down voltage ratios with fewer electrical components. For example, as few as seven electrical devices, such as switches and diodes, may be used to realize at least a four-to-one conversion ratio. The high density of the circuit is advantageous to meet shrinking space demands. A modulator may interleave signals sent to the electrical components (e.g., switching devices via driver circuitry). The driver signals may include a duty cycle of 1/(nc+1), where nc is (n−1)/3, and n is the number of devices.
摘要:
The present invention includes compositions and methods for making and producing sucrose from cyanobacteria, by growing a cyanobacterium in a growth medium; incubating the cyanobacteria in a salt containing medium under conditions that promote sucrose production; and exposing the cyanobacteria to acidic conditions, wherein the acidic conditions trigger sucrose secretion into the medium. The compositions and methods of the present invention may be used as a new global crop for the manufacture of sucrose, glucose, or fructose, CO2 fixation, for the production of alternative sources of conventional cellulose as well as a biofuel and precursors thereof.
摘要:
Anti-CCHFV antibodies with neutralizing potency and protective efficacy against CCHFV are provided, as well as methods for their identification, isolation, generation, and methods for their preparation and use are provided.
摘要:
An interventional photoacoustic imaging system and method for cancer treatment comprises an optical source for applying laser energy to optically excite a treatment area, a needle, ablation tool or catheter for inserting the optical source into a body of a patient adjacent the treatment area, and an ultrasonic transducer for detecting the acoustic waves. A processor receives the raw data from the ultrasound system and processes it to thereby form a photoacoustic image of the tissue in real time. As such, image formation may be performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.
摘要:
An adjustable bit rate (ABR) feedback control scheme is provided where the effects of multiloop delays and high priority traffic transmission are built into the control model. The data traffic is filtered by a low pass filter. Then, the low frequency bandwidth of the filtered traffic is measured and compared to a predetermined threshold. If the measured value exceeds the threshold, the ABR traffic flow is reduced. If the measured value is less than the threshold, the ABR traffic flow is increased. In addition, a General Prediction Control (GPC) method may be applied to the control model for optimal performance. An object of the invention is to minimize the unused link capacity subject to no congestion, where the ABR traffic is adapted to the low frequency variation of high priority traffic flow for high efficiency.
摘要:
A method and apparatus include an n-doped layer having a first applied charge, and a p−-doped layer having a second applied charge. The p−-doped layer may be positioned below the n-doped layer. A p+-doped buffer layer may have a third applied charge and be positioned below the p−-doped layer. The respective charges at each layer may be determined based on a dopant level and a physical dimension of the layer. In one example, the n-doped layer, the p−-doped layer, and the p+-doped buffer layer comprise a lateral semiconductor manufactured from silicon carbide (SiC).