Abstract:
A reflective semiconductor optical amplifier includes a substrate, a waveguide with a buried heterostructure formed by sequentially laminating a lower cladding, an active layer, and an upper cladding on the substrate, the waveguide including, sequentially, respective straight line, curved and tapered waveguide regions. A current blocking layer surrounds the waveguide to prevent electric current from flowing outside the active layer. Selectively etching portions of the current blocking layer and the substrate around the waveguide forms a trench to reduce parasitic capacitance. Further features include a window region on one end of the tapered waveguide region, an anti-reflection surface on one end of the window region, and a high-reflection surface on one end of the straight line waveguide region.
Abstract:
A PDP driving method that is adaptive for a high-speed driving. In the method, an upper driving signal is applied to supply a data to address electrode lines provided at an upper block. A lower driving signal is applied to supply a data to address electrode lines provided at a lower block in such a manner to overlap with the upper driving signal.
Abstract:
A color conversion apparatus and method. The color conversion apparatus converts an input color signal to match a color gamut of the input color signal with a color gamut of a target Multi Primary Display (MPD) using at least four or more primary colors, and comprises a WYV color signal conversion unit for converting the input color signal into a WYV color signal for an output; a color gamut matching gain calculation unit for calculating a matching gain which is a conversion constant for matching the color gamut of the input color signal with the color gamut of the target MPD; a color gamut matching unit for correcting the WYV color signal based on the matching gain; an XYZ color signal conversion unit for converting the corrected WYV color signal into an XYZ color signal for an output; and an MPD control vector calculation unit for calculating a control vector which is a driving signal of the target MPD corresponding to the XYZ color signal.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device comprises a plurality of gate lines composed of line shapes to function as gate electrodes in a plurality of transistors and separated from a substrate by a gate insulating layer, each having an upper metal silicide layer; and a plurality of source/drain regions formed on the substrate between said gate lines solely by carrying out impurity implantation processes.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for transmitting video data to a receiving terminal is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an event processing unit for outputting a signal to store a selected portion of the video data that is currently being reproduced, a video data reproduction unit for receiving the signal from the event processing unit and storing the selected portion of the video data that is currently being reproduced in response to the outputted signal while reproducing the video data. A message transmission unit is further provided for attaching the stored selected portion of the video data that is currently being reproduced to a message and transmitting the message to the receiving terminal. A data storage unit stores the video data and the selected portion of the video data.
Abstract:
A developing method of a liquid type electrophotographic image forming device includes forming an image area corresponding to an electrostatic latent image by scanning light onto a surface of a photosensitive drum that is charged to a predetermined electric potential, attaching a developer on a surface of a developing roller by applying a first bias voltage to a deposit roller and a second bias voltage to the developing roller, developing the image area on the photosensitive drum using the developer attached to the developing roller, and turning off the second and first bias voltages applied to the developing roller and the deposit roller, respectively, when a non-image area of the photosensitive drum contacts the developing roller.
Abstract:
An integrated circuit includes a substrate and a first insulating layer on the substrate that includes a first hole including a floor and a sidewall. A first conductive contact extends conformally on the sidewall and floor to define a groove in the first hole. A second insulating layer is provided on the first insulating layer and includes a second hole that exposes the groove. A second conductive contact is provided in the second hole and in the groove. These integrated circuits are fabricated by forming a first insulating layer on a substrate that includes a first hole including a floor and a sidewall. A first conductive contact is conformally formed on the sidewall and floor to define a groove in the first hole. A second insulating layer is formed on the first insulating layer and includes a second hole that exposes the groove. A second conductive contact is formed in the second hole and in the groove.
Abstract:
An image forming system of an electrophotographic printer. The system includes a photosensitive body on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, a developing unit which develops the electrostatic latent image with a developer, a transfer body onto which the developed image is transferred, a first image charging unit which charges the image so as to increase an electric adhesive force of the image transferred onto the transfer body, a second image charging unit which charges the image so as to reduce the electric adhesive force of the image transferred onto the transfer body in the rear of the first image charging unit, and a transfer unit which transfers the image passing through the first and second image charging units onto paper. When the image is transferred onto the transfer body, the first image charging unit increases the electric adhesive force of the image and prevents the image from dispersing, and the second image charging unit reduces the adhesive force suitable for transfer just before the image is transferred onto the paper, and thus the clear image can be maintained, and a transfer efficiency can be improved.
Abstract:
Disclosed are optical signal transmission apparatus including a reflective gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier and optical communication system using the optical signal transmission apparatus, which can improve modulation speed and optical power by effectively suppressing intensity noise of an incoherent light source. The optical signal transmission apparatus comprises a light source; a reflective gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier to generate gain-clamped optical signals having a substantially constant output intensity in a gain saturation region; a wavelength division multiplexing apparatus configured to spectrum-slice light from the light source, provide the spectrum-sliced light to the reflective gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier, and multiplex optical signals gain-clamped by the reflective gain-clamped optical amplifier. and a circulator for inputting the light generated by the light source to the wavelength division multiplexing apparatus, and outputting the optical signal multiplexed by the wavelength division multiplexing apparatus to a transmission link.
Abstract:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell which has high conversion efficiency and excellent endurance. A dye-sensitized solar cell includes a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other. A buffer layer and a porous layer are sequentially formed on the first electrode and a dye is adsorbed on the porous layer. An electrolyte is impregnated between the first electrode and the second electrode. The dye-sensitized solar cell also includes an anti-reflection film formed on the outer surface of the first electrode.