摘要:
A turbo chiller that can accurately determine the existence of surging occurring in a centrifugal compressor is provided. In a centrifugal compressor of a turbo chiller, which includes an impeller for compressing refrigerant, a resistance temperature sensor for detecting the refrigerant temperature is provided at the upstream side of the impeller. Accordingly, a temperature rise caused by surging can be detected and the existence of surging can be accurately determined.
摘要:
The invention provides a hologram transfer foil (1) comprising, that includes, in order from top to bottom, a substrate (7), a volume hologram layer (2) releasably stacked on substrate (7) and comprising a volume hologram in a cured resin layer, a first heat seal layer (3) and a second heat seal layer (4). In use, the hologram transfer foil (1) is applied on the second heat seal layer (4) side over an application member. The adhesion force of volume hologram layer (2) to the application member is larger than a material fracture force for the volume hologram layer or the application member, so that the hologram transfer layer can be applied by thermo-compression to the application member. This hologram transfer foil is useful for illegal copying of the hologram layer because when the volume hologram is forcibly peeled from the application, a material fracture of the volume hologram layer or application member occurs. When a colored layer functioning as a back layer is provided, it is possible to obtain a hologram transfer foil which eliminates any adverse influence of a coloring component on the volume hologram layer.
摘要:
The major object of the invention is to provide a volume-type hologram resin composition and a surface relief-type hologram resin composition having a high effect of preventing forgery and excellent in foil cutting, as well as a hologram layer and a hologram transfer foil using thereof. To achieve the object, there is provided a volume-type hologram resin composition having at least one kind of photopolymerizable compound, a photopolymerization initiator and fine particles, wherein the fine particles show magnetic resonance.
摘要:
A detection unit 1 for detecting an electric field or a magnetic field is placed above a circuit board 4 to be detected. A control device 3 allows the detection unit 4 to carry out detection processes while moving the detection unit 1 in a predetermined direction with an electric current being applied to the circuit board 4 so that an electric field distribution or a magnetic field distribution on the circuit board 4 is detected. Moreover, the control device 3 compares the results of the detection with reference data that has been preliminarily registered, and if there is any portion between the two pieces of data that is not coincident with each other, it is determined that the corresponding circuit board 4 is a defective circuit board. Thus, it is possible to detect any defective portion on the printed circuit board with high precision in a non-contact state to the circuit board.
摘要:
A detection unit for detecting an electric field or a magnetic field is placed above a circuit to be detected. A control device allows the detection unit 4 to carry out detection processes while moving the detection unit in a predetermined direction with an electric current being applied to the circuit board so that an electric field distribution or a magnetic field distribution on the circuit board is detected. Moreover, the control device compares the results of the diction with reference data that has been preliminarily registered, and if there is any portion between the two pieces of data that is not coincident with each other, it is determined that the corresponding circuit board is a defective circuit board. Thus, it is possible to detect any defective portion on the printed circuit with high precision in a non-contact state to the circuit board.
摘要:
A pad section serving as an electrode for external connection of a semiconductor device includes a first pad metal (61) formed in the top layer, a second pad metal (62) formed under the first pad metal (61) via an interlayer insulating film (71), and vias (63) which penetrate the interlayer insulating film (71) and electrically connect the first pad metal (61) and the second pad metal (62). The first pad metal (61) and the second pad metal (62) have edges displaced from each other so as not to be aligned with each other along the thickness direction of each layer. Thus, it is possible to reduce stress occurring on an edge of the second pad metal (62), thereby reducing damage on the interlayer insulating film (71) and so on.
摘要:
There are provided a volume hologram laminate and a label for the preparation of a volume hologram laminate which, when kept in the pressed state, for example, during storage, is less likely to cause spotty hologram defects in the volume hologram layer. The volume hologram laminate comprises a substrate 2 and, stacked on the substrate 2 in the following order, a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3, a volume hologram layer 5, a second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 4, and a surface protective film 6, the volume hologram layer being such that a hologram has been recorded on a recording material comprising a matrix polymer and a photopolymerizable compound, the volume hologram layer having a glass transition point of 30 to 70° C. and a dynamic storage modulus of 5×105 Pa to 5×107 Pa as measured at a measuring frequency of 6.28 rad/sec and a temperature of 50° C., the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having a dynamic storage modulus of not less than 2.5×105 Pa as measured at a measuring frequency of 6.28 rad/sec and a temperature of 50° C. and a loss tangent (tan &dgr;) defined as dynamic loss modulus/dynamic storage modulus at 120° C. of not more than 0.15.
摘要:
Disclosed is a hologram transfer film which can realize easy and good transfer of a hologram and, at the same time, can realize stable transfer of the hologram in a transfer process. The hologram transfer film comprises: a substrate film; and a transfer layer provided on the substrate film, the transfer layer comprising a hologram-forming layer and a heat-sensitive adhesive layer provided in that order on the substrate film, the hologram-forming layer having a breaking strain of 0.5 to 15% at 25° C. and a breaking strain of 0.5 to 30% at 120° C.
摘要:
There are provided a hologram laminate and a hologram label which do not involve any problem in the production process per se of forging preventive labels using a volume hologram, can provide a reliable process of the attainment of forgery preventive effect, and can make difficult to notice the signs of the forgery preventive processing. In applying a protective film 108 onto a hologram 107 through a second pressure-sensitive adhesive 109, the adhesive strength is partially varied. By virtue of this construction, upon separation of the protective film 108, the second pressure-sensitive adhesive 109 is partially left on the hologram 107, so that the fact of the separation can be found out. Likewise, the adhesive strength of a first pressure-sensitive adhesive 106 can be partially changed. Further, the adhesive strength of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive 106 is larger than 1% tensile strength of the hologram 107. This can realize a property such that, as soon as the separation of the hologram 107 is attempted, the hologram 107 is elongated and undergoes a color change.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a volume hologram laminate with low generation of spotty hologram flaws in the volume hologram layer even when kept under pressurized conditions during storage, and to a volume hologram laminate-fabricating label. The volume hologram laminate 1 of the invention has a first adhesive layer 3, a volume hologram layer 5, a second adhesive layer 4 and a surface protective film 6 formed in that order on a substrate 1, wherein the volume hologram layer is a hologram recording in a recording material comprising a matrix polymer and a photopolymerizable compound, having a glass transition point of 30° C.-70° C. and a dynamic storage elastic modulus of 5×105 Pa-5×107 Pa at 50° C. when measured at 6.28 rad/s, and the second adhesive layer has a dynamic storage elastic modulus of no greater than 5×104 Pa or at least 2.5×105 Pa at 50° C. when measured at 6.28 rad/s.