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    Communication systems and methods
    91.
    发明授权
    Communication systems and methods 有权
    通信系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US09450663B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-09-20

    申请号：US14746972

    申请日：2015-06-23

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Hua Xu ,  Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia

    IPC: H04B7/02 ,  H04B7/06 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04L1/06 ,  H04L1/16 ,  H04L1/18 ,  H04W52/42 ,  H04L5/00 ,  H04W72/12

    CPC classification number: H04B7/0669 ,  H04L1/0073 ,  H04L1/0668 ,  H04L1/1607 ,  H04L1/1861 ,  H04L5/0055 ,  H04W52/42 ,  H04W72/1263 ,  H04W72/1278

    Abstract: In accordance with embodiments, a communication system includes a first device and a second device in communication with the first device. The second device has at least a first pair and a second pair of antennas. The second device spreads a communication bit by a predetermined spreading factor and forms a first set of spatial block codes in frequency domain based on the spread communication bit. The first set of spatial block codes being consecutively transmitted on one of the first and second pairs of antennas.

    Abstract translation: 根据实施例，通信系统包括与第一设备通信的第一设备和第二设备。 第二装置具有至少第一对和第二对天线。 第二设备以预定的扩展因子扩展通信位，并且基于扩展通信位在频域中形成第一组空间块码。 第一组空间块码在第一和第二对天线之一上连续发射。

    Precoding in High-Order MIMO
    92.
    发明申请
    Precoding in High-Order MIMO 审中-公开
    高阶MIMO中的预编码

    公开(公告)号：US20160226567A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-08-04

    申请号：US15093924

    申请日：2016-04-08

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Ming Jia ,  Jianglei Ma ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Wen Tong

    IPC: H04B7/04 ,  H04L25/03

    CPC classification number: H04B7/0456 ,  H04B7/0417 ,  H04B7/0465 ,  H04B7/063 ,  H04L25/03343

    Abstract: A high-order Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmitter implementing a covariance-based precoding scheme that exploits transmit channel correlation and a method of operation thereof are provided. In one embodiment, covariance-based precoding is performed at the high-order MIMO transmitter based on feedback from a remote high-order MIMO receiver regarding a covariance-based precoding matrix. The covariance-based precoding matrix is, or is derived from, a transmit channel correlation matrix determined by the high-order MIMO receiver for the high-order MIMO transmitter. The covariance-based precoding provides a beam-forming effect when there is a relatively high degree of transmit channel correlation, thereby improving performance of the high-order MIMO transmitter. Further, because changes in the transmit channel correlation occur relatively slowly over time, feedback overhead requirements are substantially reduced as compared to that required for traditional MIMO precoding schemes.

    Abstract translation: 提供了实现利用发射信道相关的协方差预编码方案的高阶多输入多输出（MIMO）发射机及其操作方法。 在一个实施例中，基于基于协方差的预编码矩阵的来自远程高阶MIMO接收机的反馈在高阶MIMO发射机处执行基于协方差的预编码。 基于协方差的预编码矩阵是由或由高阶MIMO发射机的高阶MIMO接收机确定的发射信道相关矩阵导出的。 当存在相对较高程度的发射信道相关性时，基于协方差的预编码提供波束形成效应，从而提高高阶MIMO发射机的性能。 此外，由于与传统MIMO预编码方案相比，发射信道相关性的变化随时间发生相对较慢，所以反馈开销要求显着降低。

    Pilot scheme for a MIMO communication system
    98.
    发明授权
    Pilot scheme for a MIMO communication system 有权
    MIMO通信系统的导频方案

    公开(公告)号：US09008036B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-04-14

    申请号：US13721784

    申请日：2012-12-20

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Hua Xu ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Moussa Abdi

    IPC: H04W4/00 ,  H04W72/04 ,  H04B7/04 ,  H04L5/00 ,  H04L27/26 ,  H04L1/06 ,  H04L25/02

    CPC classification number: H04B7/0452 ,  H04B7/0413 ,  H04J13/18 ,  H04J2013/165 ,  H04L1/0625 ,  H04L5/001 ,  H04L5/0026 ,  H04L5/0032 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L5/0051 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0228 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04W72/04 ,  H04W72/044 ,  H04W88/08

    Abstract: The present invention employs a pilot scheme for frequency division multiple access (FDM) communication systems, such as single carrier FDM communication systems. A given transmit time interval will include numerous traffic symbols and two or more short pilot symbols, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one traffic symbol and will have a Fourier transform length that is less than the Fourier transform length of any given traffic symbol. Multiple transmitters will generate pilot information and modulate the pilot information onto sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols in an orthogonal manner. Each transmitter may use different sub-carriers within the time and frequency domain, which is encompassed by the short pilot symbols within the transmit time interval. Alternatively, each transmitter may uniquely encode the pilot information using a unique code division multiplexed code and modulate the encoded pilot information onto common sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols.

    Abstract translation: 本发明采用诸如单载波FDM通信系统的频分多址（FDM）通信系统的导频方案。 给定的发送时间间隔将包括多个业务符号和两个或更多个短导频符号，它们彼此间隔开至少一个业务符号，并且将具有小于任何给定业务的傅里叶变换长度的傅里叶变换长度 符号。 多个发射机将产生导频信息，并以正交方式将导频信息调制到短导频符号的子载波上。 每个发射机可以在时间和频域内使用不同的子载波，由发射时间间隔内的短导频符号包围。 或者，每个发射机可以使用唯一的码分多路复用码对导频信息进行唯一的编码，并将编码的导频信息调制到短导频符号的公共子载波上。

    Modulation division multiple access
    99.
    发明授权
    Modulation division multiple access 有权
    调制分多址

    公开(公告)号：US08942327B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-01-27

    申请号：US13649811

    申请日：2012-10-11

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Ming Jia ,  Jianglei Ma ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Wen Tong ,  Curt Dodd

    IPC: H03D1/00 ,  H03C3/00 ,  H04L27/34 ,  H04L25/02

    CPC classification number: H03C3/00 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L27/3488

    Abstract: The present invention employs hierarchical modulation to simultaneously transmit information on different modulation layers using a carrier RF signal. Initially, first data to be transmitted is assigned to a first modulation layer and second data is assigned to a second modulation layer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second data are assigned based on reliability criteria. The first and second modulation layers are hierarchical modulation layers of the carrier RF signal. Once assigned, the first data is transmitted using the first modulation layer of the carrier RF signal and the second data is transmitted using the second modulation layer of the carrier RF signal. In one embodiment of the present invention, information may be transmitted to one end user using one modulation layer, and information may be transmitted to a different end user using a different modulation layer.

    Abstract translation: 本发明采用层次调制，使用载波RF信号同时发送不同调制层上的信息。 首先，要发送的第一数据被分配给第一调制层，并且第二数据被分配给第二调制层。 在本发明的一个实施例中，基于可靠性标准来分配第一和第二数据。 第一和第二调制层是载波RF信号的分层调制层。 一旦被分配，使用载波RF信号的第一调制层发送第一数据，并且使用载波RF信号的第二调制层发送第二数据。 在本发明的一个实施例中，可以使用一个调制层向一个终端用户发送信息，并且可以使用不同的调制层向不同的终端用户发送信息。

    Methods and systems for OFDM using code division multiplexing
    100.
    发明授权
    Methods and systems for OFDM using code division multiplexing 有权
    使用码分复用的OFDM方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US08902951B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-12-02

    申请号：US13944065

    申请日：2013-07-17

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Jianglei Ma ,  Ming Jia ,  Wen Tong ,  Peiying Zhu ,  Hua Xu ,  Hang Zhang ,  Mo-Han Fong

    IPC: H04B1/00

    CPC classification number: H04J13/0003 ,  H04B1/707 ,  H04B7/0404 ,  H04B7/0678 ,  H04J13/00 ,  H04J13/16 ,  H04L5/0016 ,  H04L5/0026 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L25/0204 ,  H04L25/0226 ,  H04L25/0232 ,  H04L25/03866 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2627 ,  H04W72/044

    Abstract: In some embodiments of the invention, OFDM symbols are transmitted as a plurality of clusters. A cluster includes a plurality of OFDM sub-carriers in frequency, over a plurality of OFDM symbol durations in time. Each cluster includes data as well as pilot information as a reference signal for channel estimation. In some embodiments, a plurality of clusters collectively occupy the available sub-carrier set in the frequency domain that is used for transmission. In some embodiments of the invention data and/or pilots are spread within each cluster using code division multiplexing (CDM). In some embodiments pilots and data are separated by distributing data on a particular number of the plurality of OFDM symbol durations and pilots on a remainder of the OFDM symbol durations. CDM spreading can be performed in time and/or frequency directions.

    Abstract translation: 在本发明的一些实施例中，OFDM符号作为多个簇发送。 在多个OFDM符号持续时间内，群集包括频率上的多个OFDM子载波。 每个簇包括数据以及作为信道估计的参考信号的导频信息。 在一些实施例中，多个集群共同地占用用于传输的频域中的可用子载波集合。 在本发明的一些实施例中，使用码分多路复用（CDM）在每个簇内扩展数据和/或导频。 在一些实施例中，通过在OFDM码元持续时间的其余部分上分配关于多个OFDM符号持续时间的特定数目和导频上的数据来分离导频和数据。 可以在时间和/或频率方向上执行CDM扩展。

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