摘要:
An organic light emitting apparatus comprising a substrate and a plurality of organic light emitting devices having different emission colors to each other formed on the substrate, each of the plurality of organic light emitting devices including a cathode, an electron injection layer which is in contact with the cathode, organic compound layers including a light emitting layer, and an optically-transparent anode, the electron injection layer including an organic compound and at least one of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, an alkali metal compound, and an alkaline earth metal compound. The electron injection layer has a thickness adjusted for each of the different emission colors so that each of the plurality of organic light emitting devices having the different emission colors enhances light emitted from the light emitting layer.
摘要:
There is provided an organic electroluminescence device including: a pair of electrodes formed of an anode and a cathode; and an organic compound layer provided between the pair of electrodes, in which: the organic compound layer contains a metal so that the metal partially forms a coordination bond with an organic compound; and a ratio of the number of metal atoms involved in the coordination to the total number of metal atoms in the layer is 0.11 or more to 0.42 or less. The organic electroluminescence device has excellent light emitting property that is not largely impaired even after the device is driven for a long time period.
摘要:
An organic EL element array is provided which can more easily be produced with a high aperture ratio and a high definition and in which light-emitting layers of organic EL elements adjacent to each other in an interpixel region mutually overlap in the interpixel region.
摘要:
A driving method is described for a liquid crystal display device of the active matrix type which includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to form a matrix of pixels provided with a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in rows and columns, a plurality of row electrodes and a plurality of column electrodes, respectively, for applying a voltage to the pixels via the pixel electrodes, and a plurality of active elements each provided to a pixel and connected to a pixel electrode, a row electrode and a column electrode, respectively. The driving method includes a field-inversion drive scheme wherein the liquid crystal display device is driven while inverting a polarity of voltage applied to each pixel every picture scanning field. The voltage applied to each pixel is corrected based on a voltage to be applied to a column electrode connected to the pixel for a period from a time of selecting an active element at the pixel in a field period to a time of selecting the active element in a subsequent field period.
摘要:
A motor-assisted bicycle and a power unit therefor in which the power unit is after-mounted on an existing bicycle frame without largely changing the design of the bicycle frame so that an assist power generated from the power unit is input into a chain drive. A power unit is formed with at least three boss forming spaces for forming bosses to be fixed to a bicycle frame. The power unit is fixed to the bicycle frame by selectively using any two of the bosses. The bicycle frame has a support pipe and a down pipe to which flanges are fixed, respectively. The two bosses of the power unit are bolted to the flanges, respectively, thereby fixing the power unit to the bicycle frame. In addition, a motor-assisted bicycle is provided having a chain cover for functionally covering a drive sprocket of a power unit together with a pedal sprocket and a chain without marring the appearance. An integral chain cover is composed of a drive sprocket cover portion for mainly covering a drive sprocket, a chain cover portion for mainly covering a stretched portion of a chain, and a pedal sprocket cover portion for mainly covering an upper half of a pedal sprocket. The drive sprocket cover portion for covering the drive sprocket is formed as a circular portion subjected to coloring and surface roughening so as to correspond to the outside shape of the drive sprocket, and this circular portion is positively utilized as a kind of ornament.
摘要:
A liquid crystal device is formed by a pair of substrates each having thereon electrodes, and a liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to be movable along surfaces of the substrates. The liquid crystal is disposed over regions extending between the surfaces of the substrates including an effective optical modulation region, a first peripheral region outside the effective optical modulation region and a second peripheral region formed along a part or an entirety of outer periphery of the first peripheral region. The liquid crystal is disposed to have a higher liquid crystal molecular pretilt angle in the first peripheral region than in the effective optical modulation region. The liquid crystal is disposed in a random alignment state free from uniaxial alignment characteristic or in a layer structure in the second peripheral region. As a result, the liquid crystal molecular movement along the extension of substrates is suppressed in the effective optical modulation region and in the second peripheral region and relatively allowed in the first peripheral region, so that the impurities in the liquid crystal are confined in the second peripheral region while avoiding the liquid crystal thickness irregularity.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an intake device for an internal combustion engine mounted on motorcycles or other various vehicles. The intake device comprises an air flow resistance adjusting mechanism for adjusting the air flow resistance in an intake passage in linkage with a variable intake pipe length mechanism to provide an excellent optimum air/fuel ratio over the entire speed range of the internal combustion engine. The variable intake pipe length mehcanism comprises a stationary intake pipe connected to a carburetor, a guide pipe separated from the stationary intake pipe, and a movable intake pipe slidably mounted on the guide pipe so tat the movable intake pipe is capable of coming in contact with or being spaced from the stationary intake pipe in response to the engine revolving speed. The movable intake pipe is connected to the stationary intake pipe below the predetermined engine speed and separated from it above the predetermined engine speed. The air flow resistance adjusting mechanism comprises a case adapted to enclose the stationary intake pipe, the movable intake pipe and the guide pipe, and having an intake passage communicating with the atmosphere and a mechanism for varying the air flow resistance of the intake passage in response to the switching motion of the movable intake pipe.
摘要:
Disclosed is an improved hydraulic lash adjustor in a valve operating mechanism for automatically eliminating valve head clearance of the type which includes a cylinder, a plunger slidably fitted into the cylinder and a check valve accommodated in a valve cage secured to the bottom portion of the plunger, said check valve being adapted to control communication between a hydraulic chamber defined below the plunger and a hydraulic oil reservoir chamber formed in the plunger in dependence on operation of an engine. A flange portion of the valve cage is firmly held in position between the bottom portion of the plunger and a caulking ring fitted into an annular engagement groove formed on the plunger. The annular engagement groove has upper and lower side wall surfaces and at least the lower side wall surface is formed as a tapered face which extends radially inward at a downward inclination angle.
摘要:
Herein disclosed is a lubricant heating system for an internal combustion engine equipped with an exhaust pipe which is connected with a heat exchanger. This heat exchanger is constructed to include a communication passage, which communicates with the exhaust pipe so as to be heated by the engine exhaust gas, and a radiating unit which is disposed adjacent to the communication passage and contacts with the lubricant of the internal combustion engine thereby to heat the lubricant with the heat in the exhaust gas transferred from the communication passage. The heat exchanger thus constructed is adapted to promptly heat the lubricant, which is mixed with a fuel, by the use of the exhaust heat of the internal combustion engine, thus promoting the warm-up of the engine. Moreover, impurities such as the mixed fuel or water are evaporated and separated from the lubricant and are promptly discharged out as a blow-by gas.
摘要:
A safety arrangement in a kickstart apparatus for an internal combustion engine in which the starting of the engine is limited to the condition that the transmission only be in neutral. A drive gear mounted on the crank shaft of the engine is connected to the input side of the transmission and a starting gear operated by a kick pedal is connected to the driving gear through a clutch having a movable half portion and a stationary half portion. A claw is engageable with the movable half portion to arrest the same and a detector detects the position of a shift drum which shifts the transmission in order to selectively engage the claw with the movable half portion of the clutch when the transmission is in any position other than neutral.