摘要:
This document discusses, among other things, a combination pacer/defibrillator that is tailored for bradycardia patients. In one example, its shock-delivery specificity exceeds its sensitivity to shockable ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In another example, its specificity exceeds 95%, or 99%, or even 99.5%. Sensitivity is programmed to a high desired sensitivity value, but only if it can be done without decreasing the specificity below the desired specificity threshold value. This can be conceptualized as “avoiding at all costs” delivering false shocks, even at the expense of failing to deliver a shock to a treatable ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Specificity enhancements include, among other things, inhibiting shock delivery when the patient is breathing or not supine, using multiple channels or a high rate VT/VF detection threshold. The present pacer/defibrillator device could potentially save the lives of bradyarrhythmia patients who are not presently clinically indicated for a defibrillator/pacer, but who have an increased risk of sudden cardiac death due to one or more risk factors.
摘要:
A template selection method involves providing a plurality of templates representing a type of cardiac event. One or more characteristics of each template are evaluated. The evaluations are compared and a template is selected as a current template based on the comparison.
摘要:
A cardiac rhythm management device for obtaining transthoracic impedance. The device comprises a sensor for obtaining a signal indicative of an action of a heart, an impedance measurement circuit adapted to measure transthoracic impedance and a processor for utilizing the signal indicative of the action of the heart to sample the transthoracic impedance at sampling intervals commenced by fiducial markers in the signal indicative of the action of the heart, where the sampling of the impedance signal removes the component of a stroke volume of the heart from the signal and thereby provides lung ventilation information.
摘要:
There is disclosed an implantable atrial defibrillator for applying cardioverting electrical energy to the atria of a heart when the atria are in need of cardioversion. The atrial defibrillator includes a sense channel adapted to be associated with at least one atrium of the heart to provide a cardiac signal during a plurality of cardiac cycles of the heart and a timer which determines a cardiac interval duration for each of the cardiac cycles. The defibrillator further includes an atrial detector for analyzing the cardiac signal provided by the sense channel during selected ones of the cardiac cycles wherein each one of the selected ones of the cardiac cycles has a cardiac interval greater than a predetermined duration. A cardioverter applies cardioverting electrical energy to the atria responsive to the atrial detector detecting atrial fibrillation of the heart.
摘要:
Small crystal size is the issue of a conventional method for formation of a film of graphene by a thermal CVD technique using a copper foil as a substrate. A carbon film laminate is described in which graphene having a larger crystal size is formed. The carbon film laminate is configured to include a sapphire single crystal having a surface composed of terrace surfaces which are flat at the atomic level, and atomic-layer steps, a copper single crystal thin film formed by epitaxial growth on the substrate, and graphene deposited on the copper single crystal thin film, and thus enabling formation of graphene having a large crystal size.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for calculating the selectivity of a range query for multidimensional data using a multidimensional histogram are provided. A data space may be partitioned into one or more sub-spaces based on a sum of skew values of the one or more sub-spaces, a space-partitioning tree may be generated for the data space, and a multidimensional histogram may be generated for the data space based on the space-partitioning tree. A range query for multidimensional data may be processed based on the multidimensional histogram.
摘要:
Methods and devices for classifying a cardiac response to pacing involve establishing a plurality of classification windows relative to and following a pacing pulse. One or more characteristics of a cardiac signal sensed following the pacing pulse are detected within one or more particular classification windows. The characteristics may be compared to one or more references. Classification of the cardiac response may be performed based on the comparison of the one or more characteristics to the one or more references and the particular classification windows in which the one or more characteristics are detected.
摘要:
An electric motor includes a frame, a stator disposed in the frame, a rotor disposed in the frame, and a cooling unit configured to perform a cooling operation by supplying a cooling fluid into the frame. Under this configuration, a cooling function may be enhanced, and a high output density and high efficiency may be implemented.
摘要:
A system detects events related to cardiac activity. The system comprises a primary cardiac signal sensing circuit, at least one secondary cardiac signal sensing circuit having a higher sensitivity than the primary sensing circuit, and a controller circuit coupled to the primary and secondary cardiac signal sensing circuits. The controller circuit determines a rate of depolarization using the primary sensing circuit and detects tachyarrhythmia using the rate. The controller circuit also detects tachyarrhythmia using the secondary sensing circuit and also deems the tachyarrhythmia valid if the controller circuit detects the tachyarrhythmia using both the primary and secondary sensing circuit.
摘要:
An implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) executes a rate accuracy enhancement algorithm to select measured atrial and ventricular intervals for classifying a detected tachycardia based on average atrial and ventricular rates calculated from the selected atrial and ventricular intervals. The detected tachycardia is classified as ventricular tachycardia (VT) if the average ventricular rate is substantially higher than the average atrial rate.