公开(公告)号：US20090143604A1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-04

申请号：US12274728

申请日：2008-11-20

申请人： Mario Joseph Nappa ,  Xuehui Sun ,  Lev Moiseevich Yagupolskii ,  Andrey Anatolievich Filatov ,  Vladimir Nikolaevich Boiko ,  Yurii Lvovich Yagupolskii

发明人： Mario Joseph Nappa ,  Xuehui Sun ,  Lev Moiseevich Yagupolskii ,  Andrey Anatolievich Filatov ,  Vladimir Nikolaevich Boiko ,  Yurii Lvovich Yagupolskii

IPC分类号： C07F3/06 ,  C07C17/26 ,  C07C69/02

CPC分类号： C07C17/00 ,  C07C17/2637 ,  C07C29/40 ,  C07C29/68 ,  C07C31/24 ,  C07C67/08 ,  C07C69/003 ,  C07F3/003 ,  C07C21/18 ,  C07C69/63 ,  C07C31/34

摘要： Described herein is a process for the manufacture of hydrofluoroalkanols of the structure RfCFClCHROH, comprising reacting a halofluorocarbon of the structure RfCFX2, wherein each X is independently selected from Cl, Br, and I, with an aldehyde and a reactive metal in a reaction solvent to generate a reaction product comprising a metal hydrofluoroalkoxide, neutralizing said metal hydrofluoroalkoxide to produce a hydrofluoroalkanol, and recovering the hydrofluoroalkanol. Also described herein are methods of manufacturing hydrofluoroalkenes of the structure RfCF═CHR from halofluorocarbons of the structure RfCFX2, wherein each X is independently selected from Cl, Br, and I, comprising (1) reacting halofluorocarbons of the structure RfCFX2, wherein each X is independently selected from Cl, Br, and I, with an aldehyde and a reactive metal to generate a reaction product comprising a metal hydrofluoroalkoxide, and reductively dehydroxyhalogenating said metal hydrofluoroalkoxide to produce a hydrofluoroalkene or (2) reacting a hydrofluoroalkanol of the structure RfCFXCHROH or a hydrofluoroalkoxide of the structure RfCFXCHROMX, wherein M is a reactive metal in the +2 oxidation state, with a carboxylic acid anhydride and a reactive metal in a reaction solvent to form a hydrofluoroalkene and isolating the hydrofluoroalkene. In particular, 2,3,3,3,-tetrafluoro-1-propene may be manufactured with this process. Also described are compounds of the formula RfCFClCHROC(═O)R′.

摘要翻译： 本文描述了制备结构RfCFClCHROH的氢氟烷醇的方法，包括使结构RfCFX2的卤氟烃，其中每个X独立地选自Cl，Br和I与反应溶剂中的醛和反应性金属反应 产生包含金属氢氟烷氧化物的反应产物，中和所述金属氢氟烷氧化物以产生氢氟烷醇，并回收氢氟烷醇。 本文还描述了由结构RfCFX2的卤代氟化物制备结构RfCF-CHR的氢氟烯烃的方法，其中每个X独立地选自Cl，Br和I，其包括（1）使结构RfCFX2的卤代碳氟化合物，其中每个X是 独立地选自Cl，Br和I，与醛和活性金属反应生成包含金属氢氟烷氧化物的反应产物，还原性地将所述金属氢氟烷氧化物脱羟基卤化以产生氢氟烯烃，或（2）使结构RfCFXCHROH的氢氟烷醇或 结构RfCFXCHROMX的氢氟烷氧化物，其中M是+2氧化态的活性金属，在反应溶剂中与羧酸酐和反应性金属反应形成氢氟烯烃并分离氢氟烯烃。 特别地，可以用该方法制造2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯。 还描述了式RfCFClCHROC（-O）R'的化合物。

公开(公告)号：US07145047B2

公开(公告)日：2006-12-05

申请号：US10224424

申请日：2002-08-21

申请人： Sadao Takehara ,  Masashi Osawa ,  Haruyoshi Takatsu ,  Makoto Negishi

发明人： Sadao Takehara ,  Masashi Osawa ,  Haruyoshi Takatsu ,  Makoto Negishi

IPC分类号： C07C23/18 ,  C07C23/36 ,  C09K19/32

CPC分类号： C07C17/2637 ,  C07C17/263 ,  C07C17/2632 ,  C07C17/2635 ,  C07C17/269 ,  C07C17/354 ,  C07C25/18 ,  C07C25/22 ,  C07C25/24 ,  C07C255/50 ,  C07C2601/14 ,  C07C2602/28 ,  C09K19/322 ,  Y10T428/10

摘要： Disclosed in a novel liquid-crystalline compound which is a naphthalene derivative useful as an electro-optical liquid crystal display material, a liquid crystal composition containing such naphthalene derivatives and a liquid crystal display device comprising the same. The naphthalene derivative provided by the present invention exhibits an excellent liquid-crystallinity and miscibility with currently widely used liquid crystal compositions or compositions. The addition of the naphthalene derivative makes it possible to drastically lower the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal composition while maintaining its high response. The naphthalene derivative of the present invention is characterized by a large birefringence index. Further, most of the naphthalene derivative of the present invention has no strongly polar group in its molecule and thus can also be used for active matrix driving. Moreover, as shown in the foregoing examples, the naphthalene derivative of the present invention can be easily produced and is colorless and chemically stable. Accordingly, the liquid crystal composition comprising the naphthalene derivative of the present invention is extremely useful as a practical liquid crystal composition, particularly a liquid crystal composition which can operate within a wide temperature range and requires a high speed response and a low voltage driving.

公开(公告)号：US20030135075A1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-17

申请号：US10274547

申请日：2002-10-21

发明人： William Wakefield Wood

IPC分类号： C07C017/272 ,  C07C043/20

CPC分类号： C07C17/263 ,  C07C17/2637 ,  C07C22/08 ,  C07C41/30 ,  C07C43/29 ,  C07C2601/02

摘要： A two-step process for the preparation of fluoroolefin compounds of formula I 1 wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl, and R1 is alkyl or cyclopropyl, or R and R1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl group; Ar is phenyl or naphthyl both of which are optionally substituted; Ar1 is phenoxyphenyl, biphenyl, phenyl, benzylphenyl, or benzoylphenyl, all of which may be optionally substituted, comprising reacting fluorobromoolefin compounds of formula II 2 with organozinc compounds of formula III or IVBrZnCH2Ar1nullnullIIIZn(CH2Ar1)2nullnullIVin the presence of a palladium catalyst and a solvent, which compounds of formula II are obtained by reacting aldehyde compounds of formula V 3 with (a) fluorotribromomethane, (b) a tri(substituted)phosphine or a hexaalkylphosphoramide or a mixture thereof, and (c) zinc, in the presence of a solvent, compounds of formula II.

摘要翻译： 制备式I的氟烯烃化合物的两步法，其中R是氢或烷基，R 1是烷基或环丙基，或R和R 1与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成环丙基; Ar是任选被取代的苯基或萘基; Ar1是苯氧基苯基，联苯基，苯基，苄基苯基或苯甲酰基苯基，所有这些可以任选被取代，包括使式II的氟代溴代烯烃化合物与式III或IVBrZnCH2Ar1 IIIZn（CH2Ar1）2 IV的有机锌化合物在钯催化剂和 溶剂，式II化合物是通过使式V的醛化合物与（a）氟代溴甲烷，（b）三（取代的）膦或六烷基磷酰胺或其混合物的反应得到的，和（c）锌在 溶剂，式II的化合物。

公开(公告)号：US20020062049A1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-23

申请号：US09950905

申请日：2001-09-12

申请人： BASF Aktiengesellschaft

发明人： William Wakefield Wood

IPC分类号： C07C041/22

CPC分类号： C07C17/263 ,  C07C17/2637 ,  C07C22/08 ,  C07C41/30 ,  C07C43/29 ,  C07C2601/02

摘要： A two-step process for the preparation of fluoroolefin compounds of formula I 1 wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl, and R1 is alkyl or cyclopropyl, or R and R1 are taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl group; Ar is phenyl or naphthyl both of which are optionally substituted; Ar1 is phenoxyphenyl, biphenyl, phenyl, benzylphenyl, or benzoylphenyl, all of which may be optionally substituted, comprising reacting fluorobromoolefin compounds of formula II 2 with organozinc compounds of formula III or IV 3 in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a solvent, which compounds of formula II are obtained by reacting aldehyde compounds of formula V 4 with (a) fluorotribromomethane, (b) a tri(substituted)phosphine or a hexaalkylphosphoramide or a mixture thereof, and (c) zinc, in the presence of a solvent, compounds of formula II.

摘要翻译： 制备式I的氟烯烃化合物的两步法，其中R是氢或烷基，R 1是烷基或环丙基，或R和R 1与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成环丙基; Ar是任选被取代的苯基或萘基; Ar1是苯氧基苯基，联苯基，苯基，苄基苯基或苯甲酰基苯基，所有这些可以任选被取代，包括在钯催化剂和溶剂的存在下使式II的氟代溴代烯烃化合物与式III或IV的有机锌化合物反应， 式II的化合物是通过使式V的醛化合物与（a）氟代溴甲烷，（b）三（取代的）膦或六烷基磷酰胺或其混合物的醛化合物反应而得到的，和（c）锌在溶剂存在下， 二，

公开(公告)号：US06362310B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-26

申请号：US09661263

申请日：2000-09-13

申请人： Edmund P. Woo ,  Michael Inbasekaran ,  William R. Shiang ,  Gordon R. Roof ,  Mark T. Bernius ,  Weishi Wu

发明人： Edmund P. Woo ,  Michael Inbasekaran ,  William R. Shiang ,  Gordon R. Roof ,  Mark T. Bernius ,  Weishi Wu

IPC分类号： C08L2712

CPC分类号： H01L51/0043 ,  C07C17/2637 ,  C07C17/266 ,  C07C25/22 ,  C07C25/24 ,  C07C211/48 ,  C07C2602/44 ,  C07C2603/18 ,  C08G61/00 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/10 ,  C09B69/105 ,  C09B69/109 ,  C09K11/06 ,  C09K2211/1408 ,  C09K2211/1416 ,  H01L51/0036 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/0038 ,  H01L51/0039 ,  H01L51/0042 ,  H01L51/0052 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0062 ,  H01L51/007 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/42 ,  H01L51/5012 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y10S428/917

摘要： A compound of the formula: and compounds of the formulas: wherein R1 is independently in each occurrence C1-20 hydrocarbyl or C1-20 hydrocarbyl containing one or more S, N, O, P or Si atoms, C4-16 hydrocarbyl carbonyloxy, C14-16 aryl(trialkylsiloxy) or both R1 may form with the 9-carbon on the fluorene ring a C5-20 ring structure or a C4-20 ring structure containing one or more heteroatoms of S, N or O; R2 is independently in each occurrence C1-20 hydrocarbyl, C1-20 hydrocarbyloxy, C1-20 thioether, C1-20 hydrocarbylcarbonyloxy or cyano; R3 is independently in each occurrence C1-20 hydrocarbyl or C1-20 hydrocarbyl substituted with di(C1-20 alkyl)amino, C1-20 hydrocarbyloxy or C1-20 hydrocarbyl or tri(C1-10 alkyl)siloxy; a is independently in each occurrence 0 or 1; X is independently in each occurrence a halogen moiety; and Z is independently in each occurrence —B(OH)2, —B(OR4)2 or  wherein R4 is independently in each occurrence a C1-10 alkyl group and R5 is independently in each occurence a C2-10 alkylene group.

摘要翻译： 下式的化合物及下式的化合物：其中R1各自独立地为C 1-20烃基或含有一个或多个S，N，O，P或Si原子的C 1-20烃基，C 4-6烃基羰基氧基，C 14 -16芳基（三烷基甲硅烷氧基）或两者R 1可以与芴环上的9-碳形成C5-20环结构或含有一个或多个S，N或O杂原子的C 4-20环结构; R 2各自独立地表示 C 1-20烃基，C 1-20烃基，C 2-20烃基羰基氧基或氰基; R 3在每次出现时独立地为C 1-20烃基或被二（C 1-20烷基）氨基取代的C 1-20烃基，C 1 -20烃氧基或C 1-20烃基或三（C 1-10烷基）甲硅烷氧基; a各自独立地为0或1; X在每次出现时独立地为卤素部分; 并且Z各自独立地为-B（OH）2，-B（OR 4）2，或其中R 4在每次出现时独立地为C 1-10烷基，R 5在每次出现时为C 2-10亚烷基。

公开(公告)号：US06255449B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-03

申请号：US09661234

申请日：2000-09-13

申请人： Edmund P. Woo ,  Michael Inbasekaran ,  William R. Shiang ,  Gordon R. Roof ,  Mark T. Bernius ,  Weishi Wu

发明人： Edmund P. Woo ,  Michael Inbasekaran ,  William R. Shiang ,  Gordon R. Roof ,  Mark T. Bernius ,  Weishi Wu

IPC分类号： C08G7324

CPC分类号： H01L51/0043 ,  C07C17/2637 ,  C07C17/266 ,  C07C25/22 ,  C07C25/24 ,  C07C211/48 ,  C07C2602/44 ,  C07C2603/18 ,  C08G61/00 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/10 ,  C09B69/105 ,  C09B69/109 ,  C09K11/06 ,  C09K2211/1408 ,  C09K2211/1416 ,  H01L51/0036 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/0038 ,  H01L51/0039 ,  H01L51/0042 ,  H01L51/0052 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0062 ,  H01L51/007 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/42 ,  H01L51/5012 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y10S428/917

摘要： A compound of the formula: and compound of the formulas: wherein R1 is independently in each occurrence C1-20 hydrocarbyl or C1-20 hydrocarbyl containing one or more S, N, O, P or Si atoms, C4-16 hydrocarbyl carbonyloxy, C4-16 aryl(trialkylsiloxy) or both R1 may form with the 9-carbon on the fluorene ring a C5-20 ring structure or a C4-20 ring structure containing one or more heteroatoms of S, N or O; R2 is independently in each occurrence C1-20 hydrocarbyl, C1-20 hydrocarbyloxy, C1-20 thioether, C1-20 hydrocarbylcarbonyloxy or cyano; R3 is independently in each occurrence C1-20 hydrocarbyl or C1-20 hydrocarbyl substituted with di(C1-20 alkyl)amino, C1-20 hydrocarbyloxy or C1-20 hydrocarbyl or tri(C1-10 alkyl)siloxy; a is independently in each occurrence 0 or 1; X is independently in each occurrence a halogen moiety; and Z is independently in each occurrence —B(OH)2, —B(OR4)2 or wherein R4 is independently in each occurrence a C1-10 alkyl group. and R5 is independently in each occurrence a C2-10 alkylene group

摘要翻译： 下式化合物及下式化合物：其中R 1在每次出现时独立地为C 1-20烃基或含有一个或多个S，N，O，P或Si原子的C 1-20烃基，C 4-16烃基羰氧基，C 4 -16芳基（三烷基甲硅烷氧基）或两者可以与芴环上的9-碳形成C5-20环结构或含有一个或多个S，N或O杂原子的C 4-20环结构; R 2各自独立地表示 C 1-20烃基，C 1-20烃基，C 2-20烃基羰基氧基或氰基; R 3在每次出现时独立地为C 1-20烃基或被二（C 1-20烷基）氨基取代的C 1-20烃基，C 1 -20烃氧基或C 1-20烃基或三（C 1-10烷基）甲硅烷氧基; a各自独立地为0或1; X在每次出现时独立地为卤素部分; 和Z各自独立地为-B（OH）2，-B（OR 4）2，或者R 4在每次出现时独立地为C 1-10烷基。 在每次出现时，R 5独立地为C 2-10亚烷基

公开(公告)号：US5534187A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-09

申请号：US410297

申请日：1995-03-24

申请人： Kazutoshi Miyazawa ,  Shuichi Matsui ,  Yasuyuki Goto ,  Etsuo Nakagawa ,  Shinichi Sawada

发明人： Kazutoshi Miyazawa ,  Shuichi Matsui ,  Yasuyuki Goto ,  Etsuo Nakagawa ,  Shinichi Sawada

IPC分类号： C07C17/16 ,  C07C17/26 ,  C07C22/08 ,  C07C25/18 ,  C07C25/24 ,  C07C43/215 ,  C07C43/225 ,  C09K19/30 ,  C09K19/42 ,  C09K19/52 ,  C07C25/13 ,  G02F1/13

CPC分类号： C07C17/16 ,  C07C17/2637 ,  C07C22/08 ,  C07C25/18 ,  C07C25/24 ,  C07C43/215 ,  C07C43/225 ,  C09K19/30 ,  C09K19/3098 ,  C09K19/42 ,  C07C2101/14 ,  C07C2101/16 ,  Y10T428/10

摘要： A liquid crystalline compound expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and one or two not adjacent CH.sub.2 group excluding the terminal in this group may be replaced by --CO-- group, --OCO-- group, --COO-- group or --CH.dbd.CH group; X and Z each represents H, F or Cl; Y represents perfluoroalkyl group or perfluoroalkyloxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and one or two F atoms in this group may be replaced by H; one of A, B and C represents cyclohexene ring and the others thereof are chosen from among covalent bond or cyclohexane group and benzene ring and these rings may be substituted by F or Cl; and l, m and n each are 0 or 1, independently of each other, but when m=0, then l=0. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal composition having a large .DELTA.n, a low viscosity and a high voltage-holding ratio, and exhibiting a nematic liquid crystal phase within a broad temperature range and having a very high .DELTA..epsilon. and a low driving voltage, and preferably used for TFT. Further it is possible to provide a novel liquid crystalline compound preferred as a component for the liquid crystal composition.

摘要翻译： 由式（1）表示的液晶化合物可以被-CO-基团取代，其中R 1表示1〜12个碳原子的烷基，除了该基团末端以外的一个或两个不相邻的CH2基团， -COO-基，-COO-基或-CH = CH基; X和Z各自表示H，F或Cl; Y表示1〜4个碳原子的全氟烷基或全氟烷氧基，该基团中的一个或两个F原子可以被H代替; A，B和C之一表示环己烯环，其它选自共价键或环己烷基和苯环，这些环可被F或Cl取代; 并且l，m和n各自为0或1，彼此独立，但是当m = 0时，则l = 0。 可以提供一种具有大的DELTA n，低粘度和高电压保持率的液晶组合物，并且在宽温度范围内显示向列型液晶相并具有非常高的DELTAε和低驱动电压 ，优选用于TFT。 此外，可以提供作为液晶组合物的成分优选的新型液晶化合物。

公开(公告)号：US5011955A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-30

申请号：US419554

申请日：1989-10-10

申请人： William B. Alston ,  Roy F. Gratz

发明人： William B. Alston ,  Roy F. Gratz

IPC分类号： C07C17/26 ,  C07C49/813 ,  C07C205/57 ,  C07F9/50

CPC分类号： C07F9/5022 ,  C07C17/2637 ,  C07C201/14 ,  C07C209/78 ,  C07C51/367

摘要： Synthetic procedures to tetraalkyls, tetraacids and dianhydrides substituted 1,1,1-triaryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanes which comprises: (1) 1,1-bis(dialkylaryl)-1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, (2) 1,1-bis(dicarboxyaryl)-1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethane or (3) cyclic dianhydride or diamine of 1,1-bis(dialkylaryl)-1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanes. The synthesis of (1) is accomplished by the condensation reaction of an aryltrifluoromethyl ketone with a dialkylaryl compound. The synthesis of (2) is accomplished by oxidation of (1). The synthesis dianhydride of (3) is accomplished by the conversion of (2) to its corresponding cyclic dianhydride. The synthesis of the diamine is accomplished by the similar reaction of an aryltrifluoromethyl ketone with aniline or alkyl substituted or disubstituted anilines. Also, other derivatives of the above are formed by nucleophilic displacement reactions.

摘要翻译： 四烷基，四酸和二酐的合成方法取代1,1,1-三芳基-2,2,2-三氟乙烷，其包括：（1）1,1-双（二烷基芳基）-1-芳基-2,2,2-三氟乙烷 ，（2）1,1-双（二羧基芳基）-1-芳基-2,2,2-三氟乙烷或（3）1,1-双（二烷基芳基）-1-芳基-2,2,2-三氟乙烷的环状二酐或二胺， 2-三氟乙烷。 （1）的合成通过芳基三氟甲基酮与二烷基芳基化合物的缩合反应来实现。 （2）的合成通过（1）的氧化实现。 （3）的合成二酐通过（2）转化成其相应的环状二酐来实现。 二胺的合成通过芳基三氟甲基酮与苯胺或烷基取代或二取代的苯胺的类似反应来实现。 此外，上述的其它衍生物通过亲核取代反应形成。

公开(公告)号：US4997855A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-05

申请号：US246009

申请日：1988-09-15

申请人： Clinton J. Peake

发明人： Clinton J. Peake

IPC分类号： A01N29/02 ,  A01N49/00 ,  C07C17/26

CPC分类号： A01N49/00 ,  A01N29/02 ,  C07C17/2637

摘要： Nematodes and insects are controlled by application of vinyl fluorides of the formula ##STR1## where R is CH.sub.2 X--, CHX.sub.2 --, CX.sub.3 --, XCH.dbd.CH--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CX-- or straight chain alkyl(C.sub.2 -C.sub.8);R.sup.1 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, CH.sub.2 Z--, CHZ.sub.2 -- or CZ.sub.3 --;R.sup.2, X and Z independently are hydrogen, fluoro, chloro or bromo; Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, and Y.sup.4 independently are CH.sub.3 or any value of R.sup.2, X and Z; a is 0-12; n is 7-13; and n is greater than a.Particular species controlled are the root-knot, stunt, lesion, cyst and free-living nematodes, and the southern corn rootworm. The vinyl fluorides also have anthelmintic utility.

摘要翻译： 线虫和昆虫通过使用式为“IMAGE”的乙烯基氟化物，其中R是CH 2 - ，CHX 2 - ，CX 3 - ，XCH = CH-，CH 2 = CX-或直链烷基（C 2 -C 8） R1是氢，氟，氯，溴，CH2Z-，CHZ2-或CZ3-; R2，X和Z独立地是氢，氟，氯或溴; Y1，Y2，Y3和Y4独立地为CH3或R2，X和Z的任何值; a是0-12; n为7-13; 而n大于a。 特定的物种是根结，特技，病变，囊肿和自由生活线虫以及南部的玉米根虫。 乙烯基氟化物也具有驱虫效用。

公开(公告)号：US4469908A

公开(公告)日：1984-09-04

申请号：US429600

申请日：1982-09-30

申请人： George T. Burress

发明人： George T. Burress

IPC分类号： C07C2/66 ,  C07C2/86 ,  C07C17/26 ,  C07C63/34

CPC分类号： C07C2/864 ,  C07C17/2637 ,  C07C17/275 ,  C07C2/66 ,  C07C2529/70

摘要： A process for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with alkylating agents having from one to five, and preferably three to five, carbon atoms. The reactants are brought into contact, preferably in the liquid phase, in the presence of a crystalline zeolite catalyst characterized by a silica to alumina ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index within the approximate range of 1-12. The reaction is conducted at 100.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. and a pressure of from about 10.sup.5 N/m.sup.2 to about 2.times.10.sup.7 N/m.sup.2.

摘要翻译： 用烷基化剂烷基化芳族烃的方法，其具有1至5个，优选3至5个碳原子。 在特征在于二氧化硅与氧化铝之比至少为12且约束指数在约1-22范围内的结晶沸石催化剂存在下，使反应物接触，优选在液相中。 反应在100℃至300℃和约105N / m 2至约2×10 7 N / m 2的压力下进行。