公开(公告)号：US20140064292A1

公开(公告)日：2014-03-06

申请号：US13600250

申请日：2012-08-31

申请人： Stefano Binetti ,  Luca Della Chiesa

发明人： Stefano Binetti ,  Luca Della Chiesa

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L41/0668 ,  H04L45/22 ,  H04L45/28 ,  H04L49/552 ,  H04L49/557

摘要： In one embodiment, a working path through a packet switched network is protected by a protection path. In response to a switchover condition, a packet switching device ceases to enqueue packets for sending over the current working path. Packets are enqueue for sending over the protection path, with a delay by a predetermined duration before beginning to dequeue and send of packets over the protection path. A sending packet switching device, by delaying an appropriate predetermined duration, can guarantee that the protection switching operation will not induce packet reordering nor packet loss. This predetermined delay is calculated, possibly based on measurements, of different component delays of sending packets over the working and protection paths. For example, these component delays typically include latency within the sending device, latency of communications between the sending device and the destination, and latency with the destination.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，通过分组交换网络的工作路径被保护路径保护。 响应于切换条件，分组交换设备停止对当前工作路径发送的报文进行排队。 数据包进入队列，通过保护路径发送，并在开始出队并在保护路径上发送数据包之前延迟预定的持续时间。 发送分组交换设备通过延迟适当的预定持续时间可以保证保护倒换操作不会引起分组重排序或分组丢失。 可能基于测量在工作和保护路径上发送分组的不同组件延迟来计算该预定延迟。 例如，这些组件延迟通常包括发送设备内的等待时间，发送设备和目的地之间的通信延迟以及目的地的延迟。

公开(公告)号：US20140029622A1

公开(公告)日：2014-01-30

申请号：US13562137

申请日：2012-07-30

申请人： John H. W. Bettink ,  Anbu Chezhian Gunalan

发明人： John H. W. Bettink ,  Anbu Chezhian Gunalan

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L47/10

摘要： In one embodiment, packet streams are reliably transported through a network using packet replication. A packet stream is received at a duplication point in a network, with two or more copies of each of the packet streams being transported, typically over divergent paths in the network, to a merge point from which a single copy of the packet stream is forwarded or consumed. In one embodiment, this merge point is a packet switching device that includes ingress card(s) and egress line card(s), wherein multiple copies of the packet stream are received by ingress line card(s), with only a single copy provided to an egress line card of the packet switching device. In this manner, a switching fabric or other communication mechanism communicatively coupling the ingress line card(s) to the egress line card, nor the egress line card, is taxed with the burden imposed by additional copies of packet stream.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，通过使用分组复制的网络可靠地传送分组流。 在网络的复制点处接收分组流，其中每个分组流的两个或更多个副本通常在网络中的发散路径上被传送到合并点，分组流的单个副本从该合并点被转发 或消耗。 在一个实施例中，该合并点是分组交换设备，其包括入口卡和出口线路卡，其中分组流的多个副本被入口线卡接收，仅提供单个副本 到分组交换设备的出口线路卡。 以这种方式，将入口线路卡通向耦合到出口线路卡或出口线路卡的交换结构或其他通信机制受到由分组流的附加副本所施加的负担的征税。

公开(公告)号：US20130223228A1

公开(公告)日：2013-08-29

申请号：US13405455

申请日：2012-02-27

申请人： Pradosh Mohapatra ,  Neeraj Malhotra ,  Clarence Filsfils

发明人： Pradosh Mohapatra ,  Neeraj Malhotra ,  Clarence Filsfils

IPC分类号： H04L12/56 ,  H04L12/26

CPC分类号： H04L49/70 ,  H04L45/22 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L49/25 ,  H04L49/557

摘要： In one embodiment, a packet switching device is configured to perform a lookup operation, based on a particular per-CE label (per-Customer Edge label) included in a particular packet, in a forwarding data structure for identifying forwarding information for the particular packet. When a corresponding outbound path is unavailable, a per-VRF (per-Virtual Routing and Forwarding) lookup operation in a VRF data structure, identified based on the particular per-CE label, based on a destination address of a packet encapsulated within the received packet. A corresponding packet is forwarded based on the results of the VRF lookup operation. In one embodiment, a set of more than one egress line card is identified based on this lookup operation, and packets of different routes are load balanced among egress line cards in this identified set of egress line cards.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，分组交换设备被配置为基于用于识别特定分组的转发信息的转发数据结构，基于特定分组中包括的特定每CE标签（每个客户边缘标签）来执行查找操作 。 当对应的出站路径不可用时，基于包含在所接收到的每个CE标签中的分组的目的地地址，基于特定的每个CE标签识别的VRF数据结构中的每VRF（每虚拟路由和转发）查找操作 包。 基于VRF查找操作的结果转发相应的数据包。 在一个实施例中，基于该查找操作来识别一组多于一个出口线卡，并且在该识别的出口线卡组中的出口线路卡之间对不同路由的分组进行负载平衡。

公开(公告)号：US20130191340A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-25

申请号：US13357513

申请日：2012-01-24

申请人： Rajagopalan M. Ammanur ,  Pradosh Mohapatra ,  Satyajeet Randhawa ,  Anthony Joseph Li ,  Akash R. Deshpande

发明人： Rajagopalan M. Ammanur ,  Pradosh Mohapatra ,  Satyajeet Randhawa ,  Anthony Joseph Li ,  Akash R. Deshpande

IPC分类号： G06F7/00

CPC分类号： G06F7/00 ,  G06F9/45533 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/2038 ,  G06F11/2097

摘要： In one embodiment, an operating system kernel and/or one or more processes of a high-availability system are modified while the system is operating and providing high-availability service. In accomplishing this, one embodiment uses a second virtual machine to operate a second operating system kernel including a second set of processes in the standby mode, which receive state information from corresponding process(es) in the active mode. Individually, the operating system kernel and processes within the second set of processes may be a same or different version of their counterpart in a first virtual machine and its processes which are being replaced. When the second set of processes have acquired sufficient state information to perform the standby role, the operation of the first virtual machine is typically ceased as the version modified second virtual machine is performing the version modified functionality of the first virtual machine.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，在系统运行并提供高可用性服务的同时修改高可用性系统的操作系统内核和/或一个或多个进程。 在实现这一点时，一个实施例使用第二虚拟机来操作第二操作系统内核，该第二操作系统内核包括处于待机模式的第二组进程，其从活动模式中的对应进程接收状态信息。 单独地，第二组进程中的操作系统内核和进程可以是它们在第一虚拟机中的对应的相同或不同的版本及其被替换的进程。 当第二组进程获得足够的状态信息以执行备用角色时，通常停止第一虚拟机的操作，因为版本修改的第二虚拟机正在执行第一虚拟机的版本修改的功能。

公开(公告)号：US20130114613A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-09

申请号：US13329414

申请日：2011-12-19

申请人： Akash R. Deshpande ,  John H. W. Bettink ,  Michael E. Lipman ,  Pradosh Mohapatra ,  Kannan Devarajan ,  Prabhakara R. Yellai ,  Rajagopalan M. Ammanur ,  Samir D. Thoria

发明人： Akash R. Deshpande ,  John H. W. Bettink ,  Michael E. Lipman ,  Pradosh Mohapatra ,  Kannan Devarajan ,  Prabhakara R. Yellai ,  Rajagopalan M. Ammanur ,  Samir D. Thoria

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/586 ,  H04L45/60

摘要： In one embodiment, a packet switching device creates multiple virtual packet switching devices within the same physical packet switching device using virtual machines and sharing particular physical resources of the packet switching device. One embodiment uses this functionality to change the operating version (e.g., upgrade or downgrade) of the packet switching device by originally operating according to a first operating version, operating according to both a first and second operating version, and then ceasing operating according to the first operating version. Using such a technique, a packet switching device can be upgraded or downgraded while fully operating (e.g., without having to reboot line cards and route processing engines).

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，分组交换设备使用虚拟机在同一物理分组交换设备内创建多个虚拟分组交换设备并共享分组交换设备的特定物理资源。 一个实施例使用该功能来通过原始根据第一操作版本操作来改变分组交换设备的操作版本（例如，升级或降级），根据第一和第二操作版本操作，然后根据第 第一个操作版本。 使用这种技术，分组交换设备可以在完全操作的同时进行升级或降级（例如，不必重启线路卡和路由处理引擎）。

公开(公告)号：US20120275338A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-01

申请号：US13095846

申请日：2011-04-27

申请人： Clarence Filsfils ,  John H. W. Bettink ,  George Leonard Swallow

发明人： Clarence Filsfils ,  John H. W. Bettink ,  George Leonard Swallow

IPC分类号： H04L12/28

CPC分类号： H04L12/4625 ,  H04L49/252 ,  H04L49/3009 ,  H04L49/552

摘要： In one embodiment, forwarding information bases (FIBs) are selectively populated in a packet switch. A packet switching device determines, based on one or more protocol signaling messages, a subset, which is less than all, on which FIBs a lookup operation may be performed for identifying forwarding information for a received particular packet. The packet switching device populates each of these FIBs, but not all of the FIBs of the packet switching device, with forwarding information corresponding to the particular forwarding value. Thus, FIB resources are consumed for only those FIBs which could actually be used, and not all of the FIBs, for forwarding packets in the data plane of the packet switching device, whether these packets are received on a primary or backup path.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，转发信息库（FIB）被选择性地填充在分组交换机中。 分组交换设备基于一个或多个协议信令消息确定小于全部的子集，FIB可以在哪个FIB上执行查找操作以识别接收到的特定分组的转发信息。 分组交换设备填充分组交换设备中的每个FIB，但不是所有的分组交换设备的FIB，转发信息对应于特定的转发值。 因此，只有那些实际可以使用的FIB，而不是所有的FIB用于在分组交换设备的数据平面中转发分组，是否在主路径或备用路径上接收到FIB资源。

公开(公告)号：US20120201135A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-09

申请号：US13021084

申请日：2011-02-04

申请人： Hui Ding ,  Alastair Marcus Palmer ,  Neil Robert Ketley ,  Lei Feng ,  Peyman Owladi

发明人： Hui Ding ,  Alastair Marcus Palmer ,  Neil Robert Ketley ,  Lei Feng ,  Peyman Owladi

IPC分类号： H04L12/26

CPC分类号： H04L45/24

摘要： In one embodiment, packet flows are distributed among groups, such as, but not limited to, queues or links. For example in the context of a bundled interface in which multiple links appear as a single logical interface on each of the sender and receiver, packet flows are distributed among these multiple links by the sender. When one or more links become unavailable, packet flows of the affected links are reassigned to other active links, while packet flows assigned to the unaffected links remain associated with the same link in contrast to prior systems which do not attempt to preserve prior associations between packet flows and links. By maintaining these associations, the receiver of the packets does not need to adjust to the different arrival links of packet flows.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，分组流分布在组之间，例如但不限于队列或链路。 例如，在捆绑接口的上下文中，多个链路在每个发送者和接收者上显示为单个逻辑接口，分组流由发送者分布在这些多个链路之间。 当一个或多个链路变得不可用时，受影响的链路的分组流被重新分配给其他活动链路，而分配给未受影响的链路的分组流与相同的链路保持相关联，而不是尝试保留分组之间的先前关联的现有系统 流动和链接。 通过维护这些关联，报文的接收者不需要调整报文流的不同到达链路。

公开(公告)号：US20120026897A1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-02

申请号：US12846796

申请日：2010-07-29

申请人： Jim Guichard ,  David Delano Ward ,  Cedell Adam Alexander, JR. ,  Brian Lance Hiltscher ,  Doron Oz

发明人： Jim Guichard ,  David Delano Ward ,  Cedell Adam Alexander, JR. ,  Brian Lance Hiltscher ,  Doron Oz

IPC分类号： H04L12/26

CPC分类号： H04L43/028 ,  H04L49/35 ,  H04L67/327

摘要： Packets are encapsulated and sent from a service node (e.g., packet switching device) using one or more services applied to a packet by an application node (e.g., a packet switching device and/or computing platform such as a Cisco ASR 1000) to generate a result, which is used by the service node to process packets of a flow of packets to which the packet belonged. An example of a service applied to a packet is a classification service, such as, but not limited to, using deep packet inspection on the packet to identify a classification result. The service node can, for example, use this classification result to process other packets in a same packet flow, such that all packets of a flow do not need to be, nor typically are, sent to an application node for processing.

摘要翻译： 使用由应用节点（例如，分组交换设备和/或诸如Cisco ASR 1000的计算平台）应用于分组的一个或多个服务，从服务节点（例如，分组交换设备）封装并发送分组，以生成 这是由服务节点用于处理分组所属的分组流的分组的结果。 应用于分组的服务的示例是分类服务，诸如但不限于对分组进行深度分组检查以识别分类结果。 例如，服务节点可以使用该分类结果来处理相同分组流中的其他分组，使得流的所有分组不需要也不典型地被发送到应用节点进行处理。

公开(公告)号：US20110206058A1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-25

申请号：US12711408

申请日：2010-02-24

申请人： Christian Elsen ,  Pierre-Emmanuel Ettori

发明人： Christian Elsen ,  Pierre-Emmanuel Ettori

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/245 ,  H04L45/60 ,  Y02D50/30

摘要： A particular networked machine broadcasts packets from its interfaces resulting in patterns of returned copies of the sent broadcast packets received on its interfaces. Based on these patterns, a determination is made to identify groupings of one or more of the interfaces that are considered by remote devices as being grouped together, as a broadcast packet transmitted from an interface belonging to a grouping will be received on, and only on, a single interface in each of the other groupings, with a grouping being one or more interfaces. In one implementation, a grouping is defined as a single independent interface, or an aggregation of two or more interfaces combined into a single logical interface, such as, but not limited to that of a PortChannel.

摘要翻译： 特定的网络机器从其接口广播分组，导致在其接口上接收的所发送的广播分组的返回副本的模式。 基于这些模式，确定由远程设备认为被分组在一起的一个或多个接口的分组，因为从属于分组的接口发送的广播分组将被接收，并且仅在 ，每个其他分组中的单个接口，分组是一个或多个接口。 在一个实现中，分组被定义为单个独立接口或组合成单个逻辑接口的两个或更多个接口的聚合，诸如但不限于PortChannel的接口。

公开(公告)号：US20110200330A1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-18

申请号：US12708451

申请日：2010-02-18

申请人： Christian Sasso ,  Siddharth Kasat ,  Hari Balasubramanian ,  Ronak Desai

发明人： Christian Sasso ,  Siddharth Kasat ,  Hari Balasubramanian ,  Ronak Desai

IPC分类号： H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04L67/1097 ,  H04L49/25 ,  H04L49/357

摘要： The number of domain identifiers is incrementally increased for use by a switch in an established fibre channel switched fabric. In other words, the number of domains assigned to a switch by the Principal Switch of the fibre channel switched fabric is increased without triggering the reconfiguration of the established fibre channel switched fabric. In one implementation, incrementally adding one or more additional domain identifiers includes requesting said one or more additional domain identifiers from a Principal Switch of the fibre channel switched fabric using a different World Wide Name (WWN) than used to acquire the original one or more domain identifiers used by the switch.

摘要翻译： 域标识符的数量逐渐增加，以便由已建立的光纤信道交换结构中的交换机使用。 换句话说，由光纤信道交换结构的主交换机分配给交换机的域的数量增加，而不会触发已建立的光纤信道交换结构的重新配置。 在一个实现中，递增地添加一个或多个附加的域标识符包括使用与用于获取原始一个或多个域的不同的万维网名称（WWN）从光纤信道交换结构的主交换机请求所述一个或多个附加域标识符 交换机使用的标识符。