公开(公告)号：US06535575B2

公开(公告)日：2003-03-18

申请号：US10077125

申请日：2002-02-14

Applicant: Boris Yokhin

Inventor： Boris Yokhin

IPC: G01T136

CPC classification number: G01T1/36 ,  G01B15/02 ,  G01B2210/56 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G21K1/04 ,  H01J35/045 ,  H01J2235/087

Abstract: Reflectometry apparatus includes a pulsed X-ray source, adapted to irradiate a sample with a sequence of pulses of radiation over a range of angles relative to a surface of the sample. An array of detector elements is positioned to receive the radiation reflected from the sample over the range of angles and to generate a signal indicative of respective charges accumulated by the detector elements due to photons of the radiation that are incident on the elements. Timing circuitry is coupled to the array so as to cause the charges to be cleared from the detector elements immediately before each of the pulses in the sequence, and to cause the signal from the elements to be sampled shortly after each of the pulses.

公开(公告)号：US20020150209A1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-17

申请号：US10077125

申请日：2002-02-14

Inventor： Boris Yokhin

IPC: G01T001/36

CPC classification number: G01T1/36 ,  G01B15/02 ,  G01B2210/56 ,  G01N23/20 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G21K1/04 ,  H01J35/045 ,  H01J2235/087

Abstract: Reflectometry apparatus includes a pulsed X-ray source, adapted to irradiate a sample with a sequence of pulses of radiation over a range of angles relative to a surface of the sample. An array of detector elements is positioned to receive the radiation reflected from the sample over the range of angles and to generate a signal indicative of respective charges accumulated by the detector elements due to photons of the radiation that are incident on the elements. Timing circuitry is coupled to the array so as to cause the charges to be cleared from the detector elements immediately before each of the pulses in the sequence, and to cause the signal from the elements to be sampled shortly after each of the pulses.

Abstract translation: 反射仪装置包括脉冲X射线源，其适于在相对于样品的表面的角度范围内照射具有一定数量的辐射脉冲的样本。 检测器元件的阵列被定位成在角度范围内接收从样本反射的辐射，并产生指示由于入射在元件上的辐射的光子而由检测器元件累积的相应电荷的信号。 定时电路耦合到阵列，以使得电荷在紧接在序列中的每个脉冲之前从检测器元件中清除，并且使得来自元件的信号在每个脉冲之后不久被采样。

公开(公告)号：US06442233B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09637755

申请日：2000-08-11

Applicant: Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams ,  Peter Rothschild

Inventor： Lee Grodzins ,  William Adams ,  Peter Rothschild

IPC: G01N2304

CPC classification number: G01V5/0016 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01V5/0025

Abstract: A system and method for inspecting an enclosure. A beam of x-rays is used for scanning the enclosure and for identifying areas of suspect material. The beam is subsequently coherently scattered off suspect materials, during the course of a single pass of the enclosure past the beam, for uniquely discriminating innocuous from contraband substances. One or more energy dispersive detectors measure radiation coherently scattered by an identified volume of suspect material. Absorption effects of the energy distribution of the coherently scattered radiation are compensated by means of a fiducial reference disposed between the interrogated object and the detectors.

Abstract translation: 用于检查外壳的系统和方法。 一束x射线用于扫描外壳和识别可疑材料的区域。 随后，光束在围绕光束单次通过的过程中随后被相干散射出可疑材料，以便唯一地区分无害物质。 一个或多个能量分散检测器测量被识别体积的可疑材料相干散射的辐射。 通过布置在询问对象和检测器之间的基准参考来补偿相干散射辐射的能量分布的吸收效应。

公开(公告)号：US06295335B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-25

申请号：US09600872

申请日：2000-08-11

Applicant: Serge Georges Guy Cossard

Inventor： Serge Georges Guy Cossard

IPC: H05G126

CPC classification number: G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/04

Abstract: The invention relates to the inspection of an object (105) by radiography, this object possessing a crystal lattice. It consists of submitting the object (105) to electromagnetic radiation (103) to obtain a radiographic image of the object on receptor means (114) the radiographic image obtained, corresponding to one exposure, being a composed image resulting from a relative displacement of the object (105) which makes it possible to substantially reproduce the object while significantly attenuating the parasitic elements produced by diffraction of the electromagnetic radiation on the crystal lattice of the object.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及通过射线照相检查物体（105），该物体具有晶格。 它包括将物体（105）提交到电磁辐射（103）以获得受体装置（114）上的物体的放射照相图像，对应于一次曝光获得的放射照相图像是由相对位移 物体（105），其使得可以基本上再现物体，同时显着地衰减由物体的晶格上的电磁辐射的衍射产生的寄生元件。

公开(公告)号：US5787145A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-28

申请号：US619410

申请日：1996-03-21

Applicant: Georg Geus

Inventor： Georg Geus

IPC: G01N23/201 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/20

CPC classification number: G01V5/0025 ,  G01N23/201

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for identifying crystalline and polycrystalline material in an object placed in an examination region. X-rays having a polychromatic energy distribution are passed through a diaphragm to create a central x-ray beam in a fan plane that is projected into the examination region for irradiating a cross section of the object. The x-rays are diffracted by individual subregions of the object along the cross section in dependence of the presence of crystalline and/or polycrystalline material in the individual subregions. Collimators with collimating windows are arranged beyond the examination region with respect to the diaphragm, each collimating window covering a fixed, predetermined subregion of the examination region and extracting at least one diffracted plane fan beam from the respective individual subregion of the object. Energy spectra of the diffracted x-ray plane fan beams exiting the respective one of the collimating windows are captured with a detector located behind each of the collimating windows for converting the captured energy spectra into signals usable in a data processing arrangement.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于识别放置在检查区域中的物体中的晶体和多晶材料的方法和装置。 具有多色能分布的X射线通过隔膜以在扇形平面中产生中心X射线束，该中心X射线束投射到检查区域中，用于照射物体的横截面。 X射线根据各个子区域中结晶和/或多晶材料的存在，沿着横截面由物体的各个子区域衍射。 具有准直窗口的准直器相对于隔膜布置在检查区域之外，每个准直窗口覆盖检查区域的固定的预定子区域，并且从对象的相应单独子区域提取至少一个衍射平面扇形光束。 离开相应一个准直窗的衍射X射线平面扇形光束的能量谱被位于每个准直窗后面的检测器捕获，用于将所捕获的能量光谱转换成可用于数据处理装置的信号。

公开(公告)号：US5692029A

公开(公告)日：1997-11-25

申请号：US467983

申请日：1995-06-06

Applicant: Abdo A. Husseiny ,  Edwin D. Stevens ,  Zeinab A. Sabri

Inventor： Abdo A. Husseiny ,  Edwin D. Stevens ,  Zeinab A. Sabri

IPC: F41H11/12 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01V11/00

CPC classification number: F41H11/12 ,  F41H11/136 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/203 ,  G01V11/00 ,  G01V5/0025 ,  G01V5/0069 ,  G07B15/00

Abstract: The invention is a detector for detection of concealed explosives, drugs and contraband using x-rays imaging and powder pattern techniques and ultrasonics. In case of inspection of carry-on baggage a combination of computer-aided x-ray transmission imaging and x-ray diffraction analysis is used to screen; confirm and localize threats. The x-ray transmission is used to segregate dense baggage and cargo which are inspected by x-ray backscatter imaging to identify suspicious objects. All suspicious objects are carefully analyzed by x-ray diffraction. In another embodiment a slow processing system uses diffraction for identification of threats and x-ray radiography for localization of the objects. In case of drugs concealed in compartments aboard marine vessels or air crafts a hand-held x-ray system is disclosed which can be used in three modes of operation: x-ray transmission, x-ray backscatter, or x-ray diffraction dependent on the architecture of the compartment. In case of buried mines an oscillating dual-energy x-ray backscatter imaging is used for antipersonnel mines and a combination of x-ray backscatter imaging and prompt gamma detectors is used for antivehicle and antiaircraft mines. Ultrasonic detectors are disclosed for detection of explosives on persons. Also, a tracking system based on bar-code identification system and a central computer is disclosed for baggage.

Abstract translation: 本发明是使用X射线成像和粉末图案技术和超声波检测隐藏的爆炸物，药物和违禁品的检测器。 在携带行李检查的情况下，使用计算机辅助X射线透射成像和X射线衍射分析的组合进行筛选; 确认和本地化威胁。 x射线透射用于隔离通过x射线反向散射成像检查的密集行李和货物，以识别可疑物体。 所有可疑物体都通过X射线衍射进行仔细分析。 在另一个实施例中，慢处理系统使用衍射来识别威胁和用于定位对象的X射线照相。 如果药物隐藏在海洋船只或航空工具上的舱室中，则公开了一种手持式x射线系统，可用于三种操作模式：x射线透射，x射线反向散射或X射线衍射取决于 隔间的建筑。 在埋地雷的情况下，用于杀伤人员地雷的振荡双能X射线反向散射成像，并将X射线反向散射成像和及时伽马探测器的组合用于抗高射炮和高射雷达。 公开了用于检测人身上爆炸物的超声波检测器。 此外，公开了一种基于条形码识别系统和中央计算机的跟踪系统，用于行李。

公开(公告)号：US4754469A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-28

申请号：US884452

申请日：1986-07-11

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding ,  Josef-Maria Kosanetzky ,  Ulrich Neitzel

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding ,  Josef-Maria Kosanetzky ,  Ulrich Neitzel

IPC: G01N23/203 ,  G01N23/201

CPC classification number: G01N23/201 ,  G21K2207/005

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determination of the cross-sections for elastic scattered radiation in which a polychromatic radiation source is used but in which good differentiation between various substances is still possible.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于确定弹性散射辐射的横截面的方法，其中使用多色辐射源，但其中各种物质之间的良好分化仍然是可能的。

公开(公告)号：US4751722A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-14

申请号：US56295

申请日：1987-05-29

Applicant: Geoffrey Harding ,  Josef M. Kosanetzky ,  Ulrich Neitzel ,  Peter Ypma

Inventor： Geoffrey Harding ,  Josef M. Kosanetzky ,  Ulrich Neitzel ,  Peter Ypma

IPC: G01N23/203 ,  A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/02 ,  A61B6/03 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N23/201 ,  G01T1/29

CPC classification number: A61B6/483 ,  G01N23/201 ,  A61B6/03

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray apparatus which allows for the determination of the elastically scattered X-rays and the evaluation of the information contained therein. Because the scattered radiation exhibits a pronounced maximum value as a function of the scatter angle and because the scatter angle at which this maximum value occurs depends on the material in which the scattered radiation is produced, X-ray images thus formed contain essential information concerning the chemical composition of the body examined.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种能够确定弹性散射的X射线和其中包含的信息的评估的X射线装置。 因为散射辐射作为散射角的函数具有明显的最大值，并且由于发生该最大值的散射角取决于产生散射辐射的材料，因此形成的X射线图像包含关于 检查身体的化学成分。

公开(公告)号：US3769507A

公开(公告)日：1973-10-30

申请号：US3769507D

申请日：1971-08-25

Applicant: RESEARCH CORP

Inventor： KENNEY E ,  JACOBS A

IPC: G01N23/201 ,  G01Q60/00 ,  G21K1/12 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G21K1/12 ,  G01N23/201

Abstract: A dynamic radiography system for examining an optically opaque object containing radiation scattering centers by irradiating the object with penetrating radiation to cause radiation scattering by these scattering centers, causing periodic vibration of these scattering centers, detecting radiation scattered by the scattering centers in the object along at least two noncongruent detection channels which are at an angle with each other and which intersect at a common volume within the object, and correlating the outputs of the detectors with a frequency parameter of the vibration to derive thereby information of internal physical and mechanical characteristics of the object.

Abstract translation: 一种用于通过用穿透辐射照射物体来检查包含辐射散射中心的光学不透明物体的动态射线照相系统，以引起这些散射中心的辐射散射，引起这些散射中心的周期性振动，检测物体中散射中心散射的辐射沿着 至少两个不相关的检测通道，它们彼此成角度并且在物体内以共同体积相交，并且将检测器的输出与振动的频率参数相关联，从而得到内部物理和机械特性的信息 目的。

公开(公告)号：US3749910A

公开(公告)日：1973-07-31

申请号：US3749910D

申请日：1970-09-28

Applicant: NAT RES DEV

Inventor： CARR BRION K ,  BRAMWELL S

IPC: G01N23/201 ,  G01N23/12

CPC classification number: G01N23/201

Abstract: When electromagnetic radiation is passed through a heterogeneous material such as a slurry or suspension, part of the radiation will be scattered by the suspending medium and part by the solid particles contained in said medium. If, for example, the radiation used is X-radiation, and if the suspending medium consists of a relatively low atomic number material while the particles consist of a relatively high atomic number material, then due to the fundamental properties of scattered X-rays the bulk of the Compton or modified scattered X-rays will come from the suspending medium, and the Rayleigh or unmodified scattering will come both from the particles and the suspending medium. If the X-ray energy is suitable, the Rayleigh scattering will be independent of the size of the particles, but the Compton scattering will be markedly dependent on the size of the particles. Comparison of the Compton scattering or of the Rayleigh and Compton scattering provides a measure of the size of the solid particles.

Abstract translation: 当电磁辐射通过诸如浆料或悬浮液的不均匀材料时，部分辐射将被悬浮介质和部分被包含在所述介质中的固体颗粒散射。 例如，如果使用的辐射是X射线，并且如果悬浮介质由相对低的原子序数材料组成，而颗粒由相对高的原子序数材料组成，则由于散射X射线的基本特性， 康普顿或修饰的散射X射线的大部分将来自悬浮介质，并且瑞利或未改性的散射将来自颗粒和悬浮介质。 如果X射线能量是合适的，瑞利散射将不依赖于粒子的大小，但康普顿散射将明显取决于粒子的大小。 康普顿散射或瑞利和康普顿散射的比较提供了固体颗粒尺寸的量度。