Abstract:
Spent nuclear reactor coolant system decontamination solutions are first processed to remove the radioactive burden and to separate metallic impurities using cation exchange resins. The cation-processed waste solution is then flowed through an anion exchange resin held between anion-permeable membranes within an electrochemical cell. The application of electric current to the electrochemical cell causes hydroxide ions to replace captured anions held on the ion exchange resin, thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin for subsequent processing. The displaced anions migrate into the anode compartment where they can be oxidized to carbon dioxide for simple disposal.
Abstract:
An electrode used in electrochemical deionization comprises a current feeder disposed asymmetrically in an ion exchange material bonded into a coherant structure i.e. more of the ion exchange material adheres to one side of the current feeder than to the other side. The ion exchange material may be bonded by being provided in intimate admixture with a binder. Such an electrode offers manufacturing ease and the ability to be scaled up in multi-modular form.
Abstract:
A controlled charge chromatography column for the purification of a fluid containing materials, which column comprises a chromatographic column having an inlet for the introduction of a fluid to be purified and an outlet for the discharge of the purified fluid, and one or more concentrated materials and a flow-through capacitor disposed within the column between the inlet and the outlet, the flow-through capacitor means comprising a plurality of spirally wound, spaced apart layers to include a first electrically conductive backing layer, such as of graphite, and a first high surface area conductive layer secured to the backing layer, such as composed of porous carbon fibers and a non-conductive, porous spacer layer to electrically insulate the backing and conductive layer and to permit the flow of material therethrough, the flow-through capacitor to be connected to a DC power source to charge the respective conductive layers with different polarities whereby a fluid containing material through the column is purified by the electrically conductive stationary phase and the retention thereof onto the high surface area layer and permitting for example the purification of solutions of liquids, such as salt, and providing for the recovery of a purified liquid.
Abstract:
A controlled charge chromatography column for the purification of a fluid containing materials, which column comprises a chromatographic column having an inlet for the introduction of a fluid to be purified and an outlet for the discharge of the purified fluid, and one or more concentrated materials and a flow-through capacitor disposed within the column between the inlet and the outlet, the flow-through capacitor means comprising a plurality of spirally wound, spaced apart layers to include a first electrically conductive backing layer, such as of graphite, and a first high surface area conductive layer secured to the backing layer, such as composed of porous carbon fibers and a non-conductive, porous spacer layer to electrically insulate the backing and conductive layer and to permit the flow of material therethrough, the flow-through capacitor to be connected to a DC power source to charge the respective conductive layers with different polarities whereby a fluid containing material through the column is purified by the electrically conductive stationary phase and the retention thereof onto the high surface area layer and permitting for example the purification of solutions of liquids, such as salt, and providing for the recovery of a purified liquid.
Abstract:
Process and apparatus are provided for demineralizing aqueous solutions without using regenerating chemicals. Oppositely charged ions are electrolytically generated within electrode chambers and diffused into the stream of aqueous solution to be demineralized flowing in cross-current thereto. In their migration in response to the application of an electric potential, the ion streams are subjected to displacement steps in cation and anion exchange masses separated by selectively permeable ion exchange membranes. The aqueous solution alternately passes through the cation and anion exchange masses resulting in a demineralized aqueous stream and an enriched brine stream.
Abstract:
An apparatus for desalting water by electrodialysis. The apparatus includes a circular cylindrical tank in which are provided a central electrode which extends along the axis of the tank, a coaxial electrode chamber which embeds the central electrode in electrolyte solution, a coaxial resin chamber which contains ion exchange resin, and a coaxial brine chamber. The separation of adjoining chambers is effected by respective membranes, which are permeable to either cations or anions. The brine chamber is disposed between the resin chamber and the electrode chamber which contains the central electrode. A further electrode chamber, which is designed for receiving another electrolyte solution, is disposed between the resin chamber and the wall of the tank. This further electrode chamber is hollow cylindrical.
Abstract:
This disclosure relates to the electrodialytic demineralization of water by passing soft water through a treating chamber defined by a pair of permselective membranes of which the one closer to the cathode of the cell is cationic permselective and the one closer to the anode is anionic permselective. The chamber is charged with an ion exchange material. The effluent from the treating chamber may be passed through a second like treating chamber. The ion exchange materials with which the cell or cells are charged may be cationic, anionic, both cationic and anionic, or cationic in one chamber and anionic in another chamber where more than one treating chamber is employed. The particular types of ion exchange materials selected will depend upon the flow pattern and arrangement of chambers in different electrodialytic cells embodying the invention.
Abstract:
The invention described herein is a process for the purification of carbon. That process provides for the treatment of carbon with hydrofluoric acid, or a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, followed in each case by treatment with hot aqueous hydrochloric acid. The carbon thus purified is notably effective for use as electrode material in a demineralization cell, i.e., one used for the demineralization of water.
Abstract:
THE INVENTION IS DIRECTED TO AN ION-SELECTIVE MEMBRANEELECTRODIALYSIS APPARATUS EMPLOYING A FILLER OF ION-EXCHANGE RESIN IN CERTAIN CHAMBERS OF SAID APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE OF DEIONIZING SOLUTIONS WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY ELECTROLYTICALLY REGENERATING SAID ION-EXHANGE MATERIAL.
Abstract:
An ion-exchange apparatus has a raw-water tank 1, a treatment tank 2, an ion exchanger 3 and a voltage applying device E. The raw-water tank 1 contains a to be treated liquid that has impurity ions. The treatment tank 2 contains a treatment material with exchange ions exchangeable with the impurity ions. The ion exchanger 3 enables the passage of the impurity ions from the raw-water tank 1 to the treatment tank 2 and the passage of the exchange ions from the treatment tank 2 to the raw-water tank 1. The voltage-applying device E applies a voltage to the ion exchanger 3.