公开(公告)号：US4830754A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-16

申请号：US81940

申请日：1987-08-03

Applicant: James C. Nowak ,  Mark K. Tose

Inventor： James C. Nowak ,  Mark K. Tose

IPC: B01D17/04 ,  B01D17/05 ,  C02F11/00

CPC classification number: C02F11/002 ,  B01D17/042

Abstract: A method for using alkali for recovering amine used in a process for breaking emulsions and sludges. The amine has an inverse critical solution temperature with water. The process breaks a sludge into a water component containing residual amine and oil component if oil is present in the original sludge, and a solid matter component. The present invention uses alkali to minimize the amount of amine lost in the water component and in the solid matter component.

公开(公告)号：US4798869A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-17

申请号：US927985

申请日：1986-11-07

Applicant: Harald Sturm ,  Rolf-Walter Terwonne ,  Dieter Thunig

Inventor： Harald Sturm ,  Rolf-Walter Terwonne ,  Dieter Thunig

IPC: C02F11/00 ,  C02F11/04 ,  C02F11/14 ,  C02F103/00 ,  C08F2/22 ,  C08F285/00 ,  C08F265/04 ,  C08F267/06

CPC classification number: C08F285/00 ,  Y10S525/902

Abstract: A process for the production of a thermoplastic composition for molded parts having improved impact resistance, transparency, surface gloss, and weatherability, and formed of a hard inner core of crosslinked polystyrene, a rubber-elastic intermediate layer of crosslinked polyacrylic ester, and an outer layer of polyvinyl chloride, wherein the inner core thereof is produced by the steps of:(a) forming a mixture, before or after addition of an initiator, under polymerization conditions in the presence of an emulsifier, of 0.01-5.0% by weight of an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid aclkyl ester with a crosslinking component, and thereafter(b) adding to the mixture, 20-70% by weight of a mixture of an aromatic vinyl monomer with a crosslinking component and, simultaneously therewith in a separate stream, a solution of an organic complexing agent and of an emulsifier in water, and optionally a solution of a catalyst, and emulsion polymerizing the resultant mixture;wherein the intermediate layer thereof is produced by adding, to the inner core produced in step (b),(c) 79.99-25% by weight of a mixture of an acrylic acid alkyl ester with a crosslinking component and simultaneouly therewith an aqueous emulsifier solution, under emulsion polymerization conditions; andwherein the outer layer thereof is formed on the thus-produced core/shell polymer by adding, to 50 to 2 parts by weight thereof,(d) 50 to 98 parts by weight of vinyl chloride or a monomer mixture containing predominantly vinyl chloride, with agitation, and in the presence of an initiator, the agitating temperature and period selected so that the conversion, based on the monomer mixture or, respectively, the vinyl chloride, is at most 10% by weight, and thereafter continuing the polymerization by heating to the polymerization temperature, to a vinyl chloride conversion of 65-95%.

公开(公告)号：US4781944A

公开(公告)日：1988-11-01

申请号：US831409

申请日：1986-02-20

Applicant: Bradford H. Jones

Inventor： Bradford H. Jones

IPC: C02F11/00 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C10B53/00 ,  B05D3/02 ,  C01G37/02 ,  C01G37/14

CPC classification number: C10B53/00 ,  B09C1/065

Abstract: Heavy metals and compounds thereof and other toxic materials in industrial wastes, sludges, soils, incinerated ashes and the like are fixed and stablized in a char residue, obtained by critical region pyrolyzing techniques and appropriate proportions of cabonaceous materials intimately mixed with the sludge, to encapsulate the heavy metals with carbon bonded thereto which effectively detoxifies the residue and renders it immune to any substantial leaching out or later exposure to the toxic metals, such that the same is environmentally safe for such uses as landfill and the like.

Abstract translation: 工业废物，污泥，土壤，焚烧灰等中的重金属及其化合物和其它有毒物质被固定并稳定在通过关键区域热解技术和与污泥密切混合的适当比例的卡路亚材料获得的焦炭残渣中， 用与其结合的碳包裹重金属，其有效地使残余物排毒，并使其免受任何大量浸出或稍后暴露于有毒金属的污染，使得对于诸如垃圾填埋等的用途而言，其对环境是安全的。

公开(公告)号：US4769149A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-06

申请号：US095604

申请日：1987-08-04

Applicant: Bernard Nobilet ,  Michel Bonhomme ,  Philippe Desplat

Inventor： Bernard Nobilet ,  Michel Bonhomme ,  Philippe Desplat

IPC: B09B5/00 ,  B01D53/50 ,  C02F3/28 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C02F11/04 ,  C05F9/02 ,  C05F7/00 ,  C05F9/00

CPC classification number: C02F11/00 ,  B01D53/501 ,  C02F3/28 ,  C05F9/02 ,  C12M21/04 ,  C12M43/04 ,  C12M47/20 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P20/124 ,  Y02P20/59 ,  Y02W10/12 ,  Y02W30/47 ,  Y10S71/901

Abstract: A process for recovery of energy from waste and residues is disclosed. The residues, after sieving, are subjected to bacterial digestion in a methanization reactor and the solid phase of the digestate is then subjected to incineration in a furnace supplying a heat recuperator, the furnace being supplied with complementary combustible by the methane coming from the digester, while the circuit of the fumes downstream of the recuperator is used for heating by at least one secondary circuit, the magma in the course of treatment in the digester and/or the sludge separated from the digestate before recycling thereof towards the digester.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / FR86 / 00418 Sec。 371日期1987年8月4日 102（e）日期1987年8月4日PCT提交1986年12月4日PCT公布。 公开号WO87 / 03575 日期：1987年6月18日。公开了从废物和残留物中回收能量的方法。 筛分后的残留物在甲烷化反应器中进行细菌消化，然后将消化物的固相在供应热交换器的炉中进行焚化，该炉由来自蒸煮器的甲烷供给互补的可燃物， 而在回热器下游的烟气回路被用于通过至少一个次级回路加热，在蒸煮器处理过程中的岩浆和/或从消化物分离出来的污泥，然后将其再循环到消化器。

公开(公告)号：US4755305A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-05

申请号：US851900

申请日：1986-04-11

Applicant: Henry A. Fremont ,  William C. Dorman

Inventor： Henry A. Fremont ,  William C. Dorman

IPC: B01D33/00 ,  B01D33/04 ,  B01D35/06 ,  B09B1/00 ,  B09B5/00 ,  C02F1/00 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C02F11/12 ,  C25F7/02

CPC classification number: B01D61/56 ,  B01D33/04 ,  B01D35/06 ,  B09B1/00 ,  B09B5/00 ,  C02F11/12 ,  C02F1/001 ,  C02F1/4604 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/46175 ,  Y10S204/09

Abstract: An apparatus and method for dewatering sludges and the like as part of landfill operations by electrokinetic techniques including placing anode and cathode electrode modules in contact with the sludge and applying electrical energy to the electrodes to establish an electric field in the sludge. Charged particles within the sludge, including macro-molecules, colloids, and suspended particles, electrophoretically migrate to the oppositely charged counter electrode and consolidate. A filtration media located at one of the electrodes permits the electro-osmotic removal of water from the sludge to encourage solids densification. The electrical energy applied to the electrodes is a chopped, time-varying, intermittent unidirectional current having a rapid rise edge which provides dewatering results comparable to prior methods that used direct current or full AC current but at substantially reduced energy consumption to provide more economical dewatering. Presently preferred optimum conditions for practicing the invention are also disclosed, including means for applying the techniques of the disclosure to a continuous dewatering method and an apparatus for practicing that method. The application of the electrokinetic techniques to other processes such as electrodialysis, including electrolysis (using a membrane or bipolar membrane), desalinization or metathesis; and electrowinning, including electroplating; and other electrophoretic processes is suggested.

Abstract translation: 一种用于通过电动技术将污泥等作为填埋操作的一部分脱水的装置和方法，包括使阳极和阴极电极模块与污泥接触并向电极施加电能以在污泥中建立电场。 污泥内的带电粒子，包括大分子，胶体和悬浮颗粒，电泳迁移到相反电荷的对电极并固化。 位于其中一个电极的过滤介质允许从污泥中电渗透除去水以促进固体致密化。 施加到电极的电能是具有快速上升边缘的短切，随时间变化的间歇单向电流，其提供与使用直流或全AC电流但是以显着降低的能量消耗提供更经济的脱水的现有方法相当的脱水结果 。 还公开了用于实施本发明的目前优选的最佳条件，包括将本公开的技术应用于连续脱水方法的装置和用于实施该方法的装置。 电动技术应用于其他工艺，如电渗析，包括电解（使用膜或双极膜），脱盐或复分解; 和电解冶金，包括电镀; 并提出其他电泳方法。

公开(公告)号：US4587019A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-06

申请号：US690538

申请日：1985-01-11

Applicant: Waldemar K. Wolinski

Inventor： Waldemar K. Wolinski

IPC: C02F11/02 ,  C02F1/24 ,  C02F3/12 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C05F3/06 ,  C05F7/00 ,  C05F9/02

CPC classification number: C02F3/1294 ,  C02F1/24 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C02F3/12 ,  Y02W10/15

Abstract: In the aerobic digestion of sludges, particularly but not exclusively primary sedimentation sewage sludges, a layer of sludge foam is deliberately maintained over the sludge surface to improve the efficiency of the process. The layer of foam may have a volume of at least 50% of that of the sludge. The digestion process is effected in a digester, in which the amount of foam may be reduced (as necessary) by injecting sludge directly into the foam to cause local collapse thereof. A digester vessel especially suited for use in the process is described.

Abstract translation: 在污泥的有氧消化中，特别是但不限于初级沉淀污水污泥，在污泥表面上有意地维持一层污泥泡沫，以提高过程的效率。 泡沫层可以具有至少50％的污泥体积。 消化过程在消化器中进行，其中通过将污泥直接注入泡沫以引起局部塌陷，可以减少泡沫的量（根据需要）。 描述了特别适用于该方法的蒸煮器容器。

公开(公告)号：US3837872B1

公开(公告)日：1986-02-25

申请号：US21542172

申请日：1972-01-04

IPC: B09B3/00 ,  C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/26 ,  C09K17/12 ,  C09K17/48 ,  E01C7/36

CPC classification number: C04B28/26 ,  B09B3/0041 ,  C02F11/008 ,  C09K17/12 ,  C09K17/48 ,  E01C7/36

公开(公告)号：US4547290A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-15

申请号：US606991

申请日：1984-05-02

Applicant: Philippe Pichat

Inventor： Philippe Pichat

IPC: C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/02 ,  C02F11/14

CPC classification number: C02F11/008 ,  C04B28/02 ,  C04B2111/00784 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  Y10S210/919

Abstract: According to the process, a clay material is first dispersed with stirring in the waste (or vice versa) between 0.degree. and 150.degree. C. then, in particular in the case of acidic wastes, it is neutralized to an approximately neutral pH by a product preferably with a lime base and, in a third phase, a hydraulic and/or calcium binder is added to the mixture. Application to petrification of all types of wastes of industrial, mining, urban and other origins.

Abstract translation: 根据该方法，粘土材料首先在0℃至150℃之间在废料（或反之亦然）中搅拌分散，特别是在酸性废物的情况下，通过一种 产物优选具有石灰碱，并且在第三相中将水合和/或钙粘合剂加入到混合物中。 适用于各类工业，矿山，城市等各种废物的石化。

公开(公告)号：US4533395A

公开(公告)日：1985-08-06

申请号：US570658

申请日：1984-01-13

Applicant: Peter Vejmelka ,  Wolfgang Kluger ,  Rainer Koster ,  Wolfgang Hauser

Inventor： Peter Vejmelka ,  Wolfgang Kluger ,  Rainer Koster ,  Wolfgang Hauser

IPC: C02F11/00 ,  B09B3/00 ,  C04B28/02 ,  C04B40/00 ,  G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/16 ,  G21F9/30

CPC classification number: C04B28/02 ,  C04B40/0082 ,  G21F9/304 ,  C04B2111/00439 ,  Y02W30/91

Abstract: A solid fixation product of harmful, water-containing waste materials and cement, which product is highly resistant to leaching by water and salt solutions. The product has a high content of 20 to 50% of waste materials based on the dry weight of the waste in the product and a water content corresponding to a water-to-cement ratio of 0.2 to 0.45. The method according to the invention which permits producing of such products is characterized in that evaporation of the water-containing waste materials and the mixing with the fixation matrix takes place concurrently at temperatures of 100.degree. to 180.degree. C. The resulting solid fixation product is of relatively small volume and, accordingly, requires only relatively little storage space.

Abstract translation: 固体含有有害，含水废物和水泥的固体产品，该产品对水和盐溶液的浸出具有很高的抵抗力。 基于产品中的废物的干重，该产品含有20-50％的废料，水含量相当于0.2至0.45的水含量。 允许生产这种产品的本发明的方法的特征在于，含水废料的蒸发和固定基质的混合同时在100-180℃的温度下进行。所得的固体固定产物是 体积相对较小，因此只需要相对较小的存储空间。

公开(公告)号：US4518508A

公开(公告)日：1985-05-21

申请号：US606852

申请日：1984-05-03

Applicant: Jesse R. Conner

Inventor： Jesse R. Conner

IPC: C02F11/00 ,  C04B28/26 ,  C04B40/00 ,  C02F11/14 ,  C04B31/00

CPC classification number: C02F11/008 ,  C04B28/26 ,  C04B40/0096 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  Y10S210/911

Abstract: A method for treating aqueous liquid and semi-liquid wastes by solidification comprising the steps of mixing with the waste a dry water-reactive solidification agent comprising cement, a dry water absorbent material, and a powdered alkali metal silicate in a quantity sufficient to convert the mixture into a chemically and physically stable solid end product substantially insoluble in water and which contains no substantially free-standing water, and allowing the mixture to set to a sedentary mass. Additive agents such as surfactants, fixatives, waterproofing agents, coloring agents, and the like are also disclosed as assisting in the solidification reaction by reacting with certain constituents in the waste.

Abstract translation: 一种通过固化处理含水液体和半液体废物的方法，包括以下步骤：与干燥水反应性固化剂混合，所述干燥水反应性固化剂包括水泥，干燥吸水材料和粉末状碱金属硅酸盐，其量足以将 混合物变成化学和物理稳定的固体终产物，其基本上不溶于水，并且不含基本上独立的水，并允许混合物设定为久坐质量。 还公开了添加剂如表面活性剂，固定剂，防水剂，着色剂等，以通过与废物中的某些组分反应来辅助固化反应。