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111.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4506183A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-19
申请号：US507626
申请日：1983-06-24
Applicant: James F. Morris
Inventor： James F. Morris
IPC: H01J45/00
CPC classification number: H01J45/00
Abstract: This invention is directed to transferring heat from an extremely high temperature source to an electrically isolated lower temperature receiver. The invention is particularly concerned with supplying thermal power to a thermionic converter from a nuclear reactor with electric isolation.Heat from a high temperature heat pipe (10) is transferred through a vacuum or a gap filled with electrically nonconducting gas (26) to a cooler heat pipe (18). The heat pipe (10) is used to cool the nuclear reactor while the heat pipe (18) is connected thermally and electrically to a thermionic converter (22).If the receiver requires greater thermal power density, geometries are used with larger heat pipe areas for transmitting and receiving energy than the area for conducting the heat to the thermionic converter. In this way the heat pipe capability for increasing thermal power densities compensates for the comparatively low thermal power densities through the electrically non-conducting gap between the two heat pipes.
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及将热量从极高的温度源传递到电隔离的低温接收器。 本发明特别涉及从具有电隔离的核反应堆向热离子转换器提供热能。 来自高温热管（10）的热量通过填充有不导电气体（26）的真空或间隙转移到较冷的热管（18）。 热管（10）用于冷却核反应堆，而热管（18）热和电连接到热离子转换器（22）。 如果接收机需要更大的热功率密度，则使用较大的热管区域将几何形状用于发射和接收能量，而不是将热量传导给热离子转换器。 以这种方式，用于增加热功率密度的热管能力补偿了通过两个热管之间的非导电间隙的相对低的热功率密度。
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公开(公告)号：US4323808A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-06
申请号：US169799
申请日：1980-07-17
Applicant: Edwin D. Davis
Inventor： Edwin D. Davis
Abstract: A laser excited thermionic electric converter is disclosed wherein an externally located heat source causes electrons to be boiled off an electron emissive surface interiorly positioned on one end wall of an evacuated cylindrical chamber. A grid having a small negative potential traps the electron flow and the mass of electrons is then exposed to a laser pulse discharge and at the same time the potential on the grid is removed to permit a bolus of electrons to flow therethrough. The electron bolus is electrically focused and accelerated through the interior of an air core induction coil located within a transverse magnetic field, and subsequently is collected on the other end wall of the chamber functioning as a collecting plate. The EMF generated in the induction coil by action of the transiting electron bolus interacting with the transverse magnetic field is applied to an external circuit to perform work.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种激光激发热电子电转换器，其中外部定位的热源引起电子从内部位于真空圆柱形腔室的一个端壁上的电子发射表面煮沸。 具有小的负电位的栅极捕获电子流并且电子的质量然后暴露于激光脉冲放电，并且同时去除栅极上的电势以允许电池从中流过。 电子推注被电聚焦并加速通过位于横向磁场内的空气感应线圈的内部，并且随后被收集在用作集合板的室的另一端壁上。 通过与横向磁场相互作用的过渡电子团的作用，在感应线圈中产生的EMF被施加到外部电路以进行工作。
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公开(公告)号：US4047093A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-06
申请号：US614319
申请日：1975-09-17
Applicant: Larry Levoy
Inventor： Larry Levoy
CPC classification number: G21H1/106 , F24J3/085 , F28D15/0275 , F28D15/046 , G21H1/103 , Y02E10/14
Abstract: Direct conversion systems for in situ conversion of geothermal energy into electricity are described in which thermoelectric generators and/or thermionic convertors directly convert the earth's thermal energy into electrical energy. The choice of a thermoelectric or thermionic system is dictated by the temperature domain of the particular geothermal formation.The basic unit of the described system includes at least two coaxially-intersecting heat pipes, extending between a high temperature geological strata and a low temperature geological strata. Thermal-electric energy conversion devices are positioned within an annulus between the intersecting heat pipes.
Abstract translation: 描述了用于将地热能原位转化为电的直接转换系统，其中热电发电机和/或热离子转换器将地球的热能直接转换成电能。 热电或热离子系统的选择由特定地热层的温度域决定。
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公开(公告)号：US3899696A
公开(公告)日：1975-08-12
申请号：US45516574
申请日：1974-03-27
Applicant: NASA , SHIMADA KATSUNORI
Inventor： FLETCHER JAMES C ADMINISTRATOR , SHIMADA KATSUNORI
CPC classification number: H01J27/24 , H01S3/0007 , H02N3/00
Abstract: A pool of liquid cesium is spaced apart from a collector in an enclosed vessel. A laser beam is directed to the liquid cesium pool. The beam is focused to provide sufficient laser power density at the liquid cesium surface to vaporize some of the liquid cesium and ionize the vaporized cesium, and thereby form cesium ions and free electrons. The work function of the collector is different from that of cesium. When the work function is higher, the formed ions are attracted to the collector and the electrons are attracted by the liquid cesium, while the electrons and ions are respectively attracted by the collector and liquid cesium respectively when the work function of the collector is less than that of cesium. Thus, a potential difference is generated by the liquid cesium pool and the collector, sufficient to apply electric power to a load. The collector is held at a higher temperature than the liquid cesium to repel any neutralized cesium ions at the collector surface and any vaporized cesium atoms which are not ionized by the laser beam from the collector in order to facilitate the flow of ions or electrons thereto.
Abstract translation: 液体铯池与封闭容器中的收集器间隔开。 激光束被引导到液体铯池。 光束被聚焦以在液体铯表面提供足够的激光功率密度，以蒸发一些液体铯并使蒸发的铯电离，从而形成铯离子和游离电子。 收集器的功能与铯的功能不同。 当功函数较高时，形成的离子被吸引到集电体上，电子被液体铯吸引，电子和离子分别被集电体和液体铯分别吸收，当集电极的功函数小于 铯。 因此，通过液体铯池和集电体产生足以对负载施加电力的电位差。 收集器被保持在比液体铯更高的温度下，以排斥收集器表面处的任何中和的铯离子和任何不被来自收集器的激光束电离的铯原子，以促进离子或电子向其流动。
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Patent Agency Ranking116.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3807827A
公开(公告)日：1974-04-30
申请号：US19882471
申请日：1971-11-15
Applicant: MC DONNELL DOUGLAS CORP
Inventor： DE STEESE J , BOWEY R
Abstract: Low temperature radioisotopic thermionic converter having a construction wherein the converter adsorption area to vapor volume ratio is sufficiently high at the converter''s operating pressure to achieve an area-dominated adsorption effect structure, is processed by first refluxing cesium at high collector temperature and high vapor pressure in the converter to purge remanent reactive impurities therein and then establishing the loci of converter maximum power versus cesium reservoir temperature for respectively different collector temperatures to allow adjustment of the converter at optimum cesium pressure and optimum collector temperature before sealing. Cesiation apparatus for batch-charging of a plurality of converters from a common cesium supply source includes a heated cesium reservoir container for enclosing the converters therein, and a collector heater, emitter and collector connection leads, and a means of sealing each converter at each converter position.
Abstract translation: 具有这样一种结构的低温放射性同位素热离子转化器通过在高收集器温度和高蒸汽压下回流铯来处理转炉吸附面积与蒸汽体积比在转炉工作压力下足够高以达到面积主导的吸附效应结构 该转换器用于清除其中的剩余反应性杂质，然后建立转炉最大功率的位置与铯储存器温度分别为不同的收集器温度，以允许在最佳铯压力下调节转炉，并在密封前调节最佳收集器温度。 用于从普通铯供应源对多个转换器进行批量充电的转换装置包括用于将转换器包封在其中的加热的铯储存容器，以及收集器加热器，发射极和集电极连接引线以及在每个转换器处密封每个转换器的装置 位置。
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公开(公告)号：US3793542A
公开(公告)日：1974-02-19
申请号：US3793542D
申请日：1972-09-08
Applicant: THOMSON CSF
Inventor： DEFRANOULD P , LALAURIE J , SHROFF A
IPC: H01J45/00
CPC classification number: H01J45/00
Abstract: A thermoelectric converter diode in which the thermal energy required for the heating of the ionisable fluid which fills the space between the emitter and the collector is taken from the collector by conduction and from the emitter by radiation. To this end the ionizable substance is stored in a block having a large surface-to-volume ratio, which block is supported by the collector within the diode.
Abstract translation: 一种热电转换器二极管，其中填充发射极和集电极之间的空间的可电离流体的加热所需的热能通过传导从集电器和从发射器通过辐射获得。 为此，可电离物质被储存在具有大表面积比的块中，该块由二极管内的集电体支撑。
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公开(公告)号：US3782449A
公开(公告)日：1974-01-01
申请号：US3782449D
申请日：1969-11-24
Applicant: EURATOM
CPC classification number: F28D15/0275 , F28D15/06 , G05D23/01 , H01J45/00
Abstract: A system for temperature stabilization through the use of a heat pipe, that zone of the heat pipe which is remote from the heating zone having an inert gas plug whose volume varies with the vapour pressure of the heat vehicle. The plug effects variation in the heat pipe wall area actually radiating heat according to changes in the volume of the plug, and includes a secondary heat pipe which is in good thermal connection with that part of the first heat pipe where the inert gas plug is disposed.
Abstract translation: 通过使用热管的温度稳定系统，远离加热区的热管的区域具有惰性气体塞，其体积随着热载体的蒸气压而变化。 插管效应在热管壁面积的变化实际上根据插头体积的变化而辐射热量，并且包括与设置惰性气体塞的第一热管的那部分良好的热连接的二次热管 。
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公开(公告)号：US3613773A
公开(公告)日：1971-10-19
申请号：US3613773D
申请日：1964-12-07
Applicant: RCA CORP
Inventor： HALL WILLIAM B , BLOCK FRED G
Abstract: A heat pipe is provided with a noncondensible gas reservoir at the condenser end. The pressure of the gas and the size of the reservoir are selected to prevent a large change in the operating pressure, and thus the operating temperature, if the heat input to the heat pipe decreases.
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公开(公告)号：US3563856A
公开(公告)日：1971-02-16
申请号：US3563856D
申请日：1967-08-02
Applicant: BBC BROWN BOVERI & CIE
Inventor： GROSS FRANZ , JESTER ALFRED , KRAPF RUDOLF , HOLICK HUBERT
Abstract: THIS INVENTION RELATES TO THERMIONIC FUEL ELEMENTS, PROVIDED WITH NUCLEAR FUEL, FOR DIRECT CONVERSION INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY OF HEAT PRODUCED BY NUCLEAR FISSION. THE THERMIONIC ELEMENTS COMPRISE TUBULAR, CONCENTRICALLY POSITIONED EMITTERS (1) THE COLLECTORS (4). THE FUEL ELEMENTS ARE ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED IN SERIES AND ARE PROVIDED WITH RESPECTIVE DISCHARGE CHAMBERS (5) WHICH ARE SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER BY NOVEL VACUUM-TIGHT SEALS, THE SEALS PROVIDING A MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SEPARTION OF THE RESPECTIVE THERMIONIC ELEMENTS. THE DISCHARGE CHAMBER, PROFICED AT ONE END OF EACH THERMIONIC ELEMENT, IS FILLED WITH CESIUM VAPOR. THE NOVEL SEAL COMPRISES A DISCSHAPED RIGID METAL-CERAMIC COMPONENT (6,7) AT ONE END, AND A PLIABLE OR YIELDABLE METAL-CERAMIC PORTION ACTING AS A GUIDE RING (10,11) AT THE OTHER END, ACTING IN COMBINATION WITH A VACUUM-TIGHT PLATE (9).
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