摘要:
A method for fabricating a microstructure array, such as a microlens array, and a mold for forming the microlens array, includes the steps of forming an array of microstructures with a curved profile in a discrete form on a substrate, and uniformly forming a continuous layer on the substrate and the discrete microstructures. Optically-unusable regions between the discrete microstructures, such as microlenses, can be readily reduced or eliminated by forming the continuous layer until flat portions between the microstructures disappear.
摘要:
A light-gathering reflection surface is provided on a part of a reflection area on a reflection surface of the reflector. Light from the light source reflected onto the light-gathering surface is emitted as light substantially parallel to an optical axis from the projection lens in the front direction of a lighting fixture. Thus, an irradiation amount on a vicinity of a horizontal cutoff line is reduced, and a center intensity in a front direction in a high beam light distribution pattern is enhanced.
摘要:
The projection lens of a lamp unit is configured as a plano-convex lens whose front surface is a convex curved surface and whose rear surface is a plane. The rear surface is constituted by a plane tilted upward with respect to a plane orthogonal to the optical axis and outward in a vehicle width direction.
摘要:
An optical waveguide includes a partial cylindrical portion, and a plurality of end portions. The partial cylindrical portion has an elongated profile, and is formed of a material transparent to light propagating along the partial cylindrical portion. The end portion has an approximately partial spherical profile, smoothly joins the partial cylindrical portion, and is formed of the same material as the material of the partial cylindrical portion, so that the light propagates along the partial cylindrical portion and the end portions while repeating total reflections at a boundary surface contouring the partial cylindrical portion and the end portions.
摘要:
An electromagnetic actuator includes a stationary member, a movable member magnetically coupled with the stationary member with a gap therebetween, and a support member for displaceably supporting the movable member relative to the stationary member. Both the stationary member and the movable member have a core section carrying a coil wound around its periphery. As the coil of the stationary member and that of the movable member are energized with electric current, the movable member is either attracted toward or repulsed from the stationary member. The electromagnetic actuator can be used for an optical scanner by providing a mirror and a lens on the movable member.
摘要:
A semispherical microstructure includes a substrate, an insulating mask layer, and an electrodeposition layer. The substrate has an electrically-conductive portion. The mask layer is formed on the electrode layer or electrically-conductive portion of the substrate and includes an opening formed in the mask layer to expose the electrically-conductive portion at the opening. The electrodeposition layer is formed of organic compound electrodeposited in the opening and on the mask layer around the opening.
摘要:
In a method of driving an electrostatic actuator which has a stator having driving electrodes in plural phases and a traveler moved along the stator by application of a driving voltage to the driving electrodes, the driving voltage applied to the driving electrodes is decided according to a voltage function employing as arguments a relative movement position of the traveler and/or a retention rigidity with which the traveler is retained at a standing position on the stator. An electrostatic actuator mechanism comprises a stator having driving electrodes in plural phases, a traveler relatively moved along the stator, a voltage applying means for applying a driving voltage to the driving electrodes, and a voltage function means for deciding the driving voltage applied to the driving electrodes according to a voltage function employing as argument a relative movement position of the traveler and/or a retention rigidity with which the traveler is retained at the standing position on the stator.
摘要:
An electrostatic actuator includes a stator having a circular surface carrying a plurality of drive electrodes, a rotor arranged opposite to the surface of the stator and a drive circuit for applying a drive voltage to the drive electrodes. Each of the drive electrodes has an arcuate profile extending from the center toward the outer periphery of the circular surface. The rotor can be driven to rotate in either direction of rotation by changing the mode of applying voltages to the drive electrodes. The rotor is floated above the stator by dynamic pressure generated by an oscillator, typically a piezoelectric element, provided under the stator. The distance between the rotor and the stator can be adjusted by controlling drive voltages applied to the oscillator.
摘要:
In a driving method of an ink-jet recording head, heat is generated by applying a drive signal to a heating element, and this heat is applied to ink to generate a bubble and discharge the ink through a discharge outlet. The drive signal comprises a first drive signal for storing foaming energy in the ink, and a second drive signal for generating a bubble in the ink. The second drive signal has a signal time shorter than the boundary foaming time at which foaming energy decreases in a case of performing foaming only by the second drive signal. The first drive signal is applied prior to the second drive signal in order to compensate for a decrease in foaming energy.
摘要:
A method of producing a micro structure on a substrate which has a support portion and a plate-like portion supported thereby at a distance from the substrate, comprising the steps of forming a spacer layer consisting of an insulating material on a substrate having an electrically conductive layer formed on its surface, forming a latent image layer consisting of an electrically conductive material on the spacer layer at a site where the plate-like portion of an intended structure is to be formed, producing an aperture, where a part of the electrically conductive layer is exposed, on the spacer layer at a site where the supporting portion of an intended structure is to be formed, forming a structure layer consisting of plating film inside of the aperture and on the latent image layer by electroplating the electrically conductive layer as a cathode, and removing the spacer layer.