Abstract:
A monopolar membrane-electrode assembly includes an electrolyte membrane with a plurality of cell regions, an anode supporting body and a cathode supporting body on both sides of the electrolyte membrane, respectively having a plurality of apertures corresponding to the cell regions, a plurality of anode and cathode current collectors, each including a current collecting portion to correspond to each aperture of the respective anode or cathode supporting body to collect current, a conducting portion connected to a side of the current collecting portion, and a connecting line that connects the conducting portion to an outside terminal, a plurality of anode and cathode electrodes respectively formed on the and the cathode current collecting portions, and a circuit unit connected to the connecting lines of the anode current collectors and the cathode current collectors, wherein the cells are connected in series or parallel, or electrically separated through the circuit unit.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a 3-color multiplex CARS spectrometer. In the 3-color multiplex CARS spectrometer, Raman resonance is achieved for multiple molecular vibrations of a sample by the combination of a short-wavelength pump beam generated by a broadband laser light source and a long-wavelength Stokes beam generated by a stable laser light source, and another short-wavelength laser beam having a narrow linewidth is then introduced separately to serve as a probe beam that interacts with the laser-driven sample, thereby generating CARS spectral signals whose wavelength components can be resolved. Accordingly, the 3-color multiplex CARS spectrometer solves problem of the conventional 2-color multiplex CARS spectroscopy in which the wavelength decomposition of CARS signals, necessary for high spectral resolution, is not possible with broadband pump light causing the CARS spectrum distortion.
Abstract:
A fuel cell stack induces smooth current collection and liquid or gas flow without using a heavy bipolar plate. The fuel cell stack includes: a membrane and electrode assembly (MEA) in which an electrolyte membrane is disposed between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode; a current collector disposed in the MEA to form an electrical path with an adjacent MEA; and a non-conductive separation plate disposed between the MEA and the adjacent MEA, the non-conductive separation plate forming flow channels to supply a liquid or gas to the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. A fuel cell stack structure having the above structure is simple and lightweight as the MEA includes a thin and lightweight non-conductive polymer separation plate and a current collector to connect adjacent MEAs.
Abstract:
There is provided a master glass having a structure capable of preventing damage caused by static electricity. The master glass is a substrate on which a deposition process is experimentally performed by being experimentally loaded loading the master glass into a deposition apparatus before starting the deposition process of the substrate for electronic devices. In one embodiment, a master glass includes first conductive patterns and a second conductive pattern. The first conductive patterns are formed to correspond to a deposition pattern required in a substrate for electronic devices. The second conductive pattern electrically connects all the first conductive patterns to one another.
Abstract:
A joint structure for fixing between a sunroof and a headliner, may include a headliner defining an opening, wherein a portion of the headliner around the opening protrudes and is curved upwards to define the opening, and the headliner has a face fabric attached to a surface thereof, a bracket attached to an upper end portion and a lower portion of the headliner, outside of the opening, wherein the bracket has a support end portion protruding in a direction opposite to the opening, a clip into which the support end portion of the bracket is selectively fitted, and a sunroof frame coupled with an upper portion of the clip, wherein the sunroof is provided on the sunroof frame.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a super-resolution lithography apparatus and method based on a multiple light exposure method. The super-resolution lithography apparatus comprises a photographic medium having energy levels of a first ground state, a second ground state, a first excited state, a second excited state and a quenching state; a first light source inducing energy level transition between the first ground state and the first excited state of the photographic medium; a second light source inducing energy level transition between the second ground state and the first excited state of the photographic medium; and a third light source inducing energy level transition between the second ground state and the second excited state of the photographic medium. Accordingly, the resolution of lithography can be improved simply by using a photographic medium having a simple structure and conventional laser beams and increasing the number of exposure steps. Furthermore, a multiple photon absorber that is difficult to obtain, a medium having a complicated energy level and a high-efficiency quantum optical light are unnecessary, and thus economic efficiency is improved.
Abstract:
A Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction apparatus and method in an OFDM communication system are provided. In the PAPR reduction method, magnitude and phase components are extracted from transmission sample data. Peaks having magnitude components exceeding a threshold are detected by comparing the extracted magnitude components with the threshold. The highest of the peaks is detected and compared with the threshold. If the highest peak is greater than the threshold, the highest peak is updated.
Abstract:
An apparatus for calculating decision parameters in an IMT-2000 system includes a correlation value calculation unit having a number of correlation value calculators, each of which calculates a correlation value between selected information that is selected at the mini-slot selection unit and one of capable input signals. To selectively operate the correlation value calculators, a ranking determination unit is included to receive and rank the correlation values and to selectively operating the correlation value calculators according to the rank of the correlation values. Accordingly, the power consumption of the correlation value calculators is reduced. And, the decision parameter is selected from the decision parameters previously selected during the divided monitoring section, thereby enabling high-speed cell search.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a CPU and memory connection assembly to extend memory address space without extending address pins. The CPU and memory connection assembly extends entire accessible memory address of a CPU using a small number of address pins by synthesizing a final memory address by receiving an offset address setting command inputted from a CPU through an offset address decoder to generate an offset address and by receiving CPU max address bit setting command directly inputted from the CPU through an address synthesizer to combine the CPU max address bit setting command with the address directly inputted from the CPU.
Abstract:
A fuel cell including a plurality of unit cells that each includes an anode, an electrolyte membrane, and a cathode. The unit cells are stacked together, such that the unit cells form rows and furrows. The fuel cell can further include an anode frame to support an anode side of the fuel cell stack, and a cathode frame to support a cathode side of the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell can include reinforcing members to support either of the frames.