摘要:
Systems and process for volatile degradation removal from amine plant wash water are provided. The systems and processes include a separation device disposed within a water circulation loop and configured to continuously remove at least a portion of the volatile degradation products from the wash solutions. The separation device can be configured for stripping, distillation, and/or extraction of the volatile degradation products from at least a fraction of the spent wash water. Optionally, a chemical agent can be reacted with the volatile degradation products to form heat stable salts for subsequent removal.
摘要:
The present invention relates to making tetra-sulfo iron-phthalocyanine by reacting sulfonated reactant(s) in the presence a boron-containing promoter. The present invention also relates to making tetra-sulfo iron phthalocyanine more tolerant to oxygen by combining the tetra-sulfo iron-phthalocyanine with a stabilizing amount of a complexing agent (e.g., a stabilizing amine) and/or contacting the tetra-sulfo iron-phthalocyanine with steam.
摘要:
The simultaneous abatement of NO and SO.sub.2 in flue gas is provided by an absorption process and apparatus utilizing an absorbent composition comprising an aqueous solution of chelates and sulfite salt for NO abatement and amine SO.sub.2 absorbents such as piperazinones, morpholinones, piperidines, piperazines, piperazinediones, hydantoins, triazinones, pyrimidinones, oxazolidones, etc. for SO.sub.2 abatement. SO.sub.2 is thermally stripped from the spent absorbent and recovered. Metal chelates oxidized to an inactive state as a side-reaction are electrochemically reduced. An anionic exchange membrane in the electrochemical cell regenerates heat stable amine salt byproducts to be converted back to useable amine sorbent, and facilitates removal from the absorbent solution of other waste salts.
摘要:
H.sub.2 S abatement in geothermal drilling operations (e.g. drilling, flow testing and reworking) with a ferric aminocarboxylic acid chelating solution containing a stabilizer and an optional cationic polyelectrolyte catalyst which is injected in the blooie line of the well upstream of the separator. The stabilizer is a hydroxyl radical scavenger such as iodide, nitrite, amino acid, aliphatic aldehyde, sugar, ascorbate, formate and/or aryl sulfonic acid, and inhibits degradation the ferric aminocarboxylic acid complex.
摘要:
Geothermal steam is condensed with a sulfite solution to abate hydrogen sulfide. A portion of the hydrogen sulfide is converted in the condensation in the presence of soluble cationic polymeric catalysts to soluble sulfur compounds while avoiding elemental sulfur and carbonate formation. The remainder of the hydrogen sulfide is incinerated and the sulfur dioxide in the incinerator effluent is absorbed in an alkaline solution to form the sulfites for the geothermal steam condensation. By maintaining stoichiometric ratios, the hydrogen sulfide is substantially converted to soluble thiosulfate without the use of chelates, peroxides or makeup sulfites.
摘要:
Soluble chemical compounds having a high affinity for hydroxyl radicals are effective stabilizers for chelating agents used in the hydrogen sulfide removal process. The stabilizers include aromatic compounds, bromide ions, iodide ions, cyanides, nitrites, amino acids, sugars, ascorbates, alcohols, polyols, aliphatic aldehydes, compounds having unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, dimethyl sulfoxide, organic disulfides, alkyl amines, and formates. The aromatic compounds have the additional benefit of combining with hydroxyl radicals to form chelating agents.
摘要:
.alpha.-Olefins are polymerized in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalysts which are polymer supported compounds or complexes of elements of the d-block transition metals, lanthanide or actinide series. An example of the polymer support is chloromethylated polystyrene-divinyl benzene copolymer covalently bonded to catechol. An example of the compound or complex of an element of the transition metal, lanthanide or actinide series is that which results when catechol which is covalently bonded to the polymer is contacted with titanium tetraisopropoxide.
摘要:
A structural low carbon steel in combination with and in contact with an aqueous MDEA solvent that includes as an amine-based chemical additive. When mixed with MDEA solvent to form a MDEA solution, the MDEA-based solution in contact with carbon steel reduces the corrosion rate of low carbon structural carbon steels having a carbon content greater than about 0.18% by weight is significantly reduced when the concentrations of CO2, O2 and heat stable salts (HSS) are controlled below critical amounts. The MDEA solution, when controlling the concentrations of CO2, O2 and HSS below critical amounts, suppresses the corrosion of carbon steel having a carbon content greater than about 0.18%. A smooth surface finish further suppresses the corrosion of the low carbon structural steel. When the CO2, O2 and HSS are maintained below critical values, a low carbon structural steel having a micropolished surface finish displayed improved corrosion resistance.
摘要:
Acid gas purification processes for reducing nitrosamine precursor formation from a gas stream containing NOx, wherein the acid gas is selectively absorbed in an amine based wash solution comprising at least one secondary diamine. The processes generally include absorbing carbon dioxide from the gas stream containing NOx species with the amine-based wash solution comprising at least one secondary diamine to provide a carbon dioxide lean gas stream that is released into the surroundings, wherein absorbing the acid gas forms a rich amine solution; and regenerating the rich amine solution at an elevated temperature to release the carbon dioxide to form a regenerated lean amine solution, wherein absorbing and regenerating are configured to promote formation of carbamate species of at least one diamine.
摘要:
Inhibitors of oxidation of sulfites to sulfates in sulfur dioxide scrubbing solutions are disclosed. The inhibitors are cationic polyelectrolytes which are water soluble, have a molecular weight of at least 10,000 daltons and contain quaternary amine groups. The polyelectrolytes are preferably present at 1-3000 ppm in alkali solutions with which a sulfur dioxide containing gas stream is contacted. The scrubbing solutions contain amines such as piperazinones, morpholinones, piperidines, piperazines, piperazinediones, hydantoins, triazinones, pyrimidinones, oxazolidones, N-carboxymethyl ethylenediamines, etc.