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    Vibrating tip surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
    13.
    发明授权
    Vibrating tip surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy 有权
    振动尖端表面增强拉曼光谱

    公开(公告)号：US08243270B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-08-14

    申请号：US12697156

    申请日：2010-01-29

    申请人： Huei Pei Kuo ,  Michael J. Stuke ,  Min Hu ,  Fung Suong Ou ,  Shih-Yuan (SY) Wang ,  Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Wei Wu ,  Zhiyong Li

    发明人： Huei Pei Kuo ,  Michael J. Stuke ,  Min Hu ,  Fung Suong Ou ,  Shih-Yuan (SY) Wang ,  Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Wei Wu ,  Zhiyong Li

    IPC分类号： G01J3/44

    CPC分类号： G01J3/44

    摘要： A vibrating tip surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) apparatus, system and method employ a nano-needle configured to vibrate. The apparatus includes the nano-needle with a substantially sharp tip at a free end opposite an end attached to a substrate. The tip is configured to adsorb an analyte. The apparatus further includes a vibration source configured to provide an alternating current (AC) electric field that induces a vibration of the free end and the tip of the nano-needle. Vibration of the nano-needle under the influence of the AC electric field facilitates detection of a Raman scattering signal from the analyte adsorbed on the nano-needle tip. The system further includes a synchronous detector configured to be gated cooperatively with the vibration of the nano-needle. The method includes inducing the vibration, illuminating the vibrating tip to produce a Raman signal, and detecting the Raman signal using the detector.

    摘要翻译： 振动尖端表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）装置，系统和方法采用配置为振动的纳米针。 该装置包括在与连接到基底的端相对的自由端处具有基本尖锐的尖端的纳米针。 尖端构造成吸附分析物。 该装置还包括一个被配置为提供交流（AC）电场的振动源，其引起自由端和纳米针的尖端的振动。 在AC电场的影响下，纳米针的振动有助于检测吸附在纳米针尖上的分析物的拉曼散射信号。 该系统还包括配置为与纳米针的振动协同地选通的同步检测器。 该方法包括引起振动，照亮振动尖端以产生拉曼信号，并使用检测器检测拉曼信号。

    RECONFIGURABLE SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD
    14.
    发明申请
    RECONFIGURABLE SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD 有权
    可重构表面增强拉曼光谱仪，系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20120188540A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-07-26

    申请号：US13014688

    申请日：2011-01-26

    申请人： Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Wei Wu ,  Zhiyong Li

    发明人： Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Wei Wu ,  Zhiyong Li

    IPC分类号： G01J3/44 ,  B82Y20/00

    CPC分类号： G01N21/658 ,  B82Y20/00

    摘要： A reconfigurable surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) apparatus, system and method employ a stimulus responsive material to move nanorods of a plurality between inactive and active configurations. The apparatus includes the plurality of nanorods and the stimulus responsive material. The system further includes a Raman signal detector. The method of reconfigurable SERS includes providing the plurality of nanorods and exposing the stimulus responsive material to a stimulus. The exposure causes a change in one or more of a size, a shape and a volume of the stimulus responsive material that moves the nanorods between the inactive and active configurations. The active configuration facilitates one or both of production and detection of a Raman scattering signal emitted by the analyte.

    摘要翻译： 可重新配置的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）装置，系统和方法使用刺激响应材料来移动多个非活动和活动配置之间的纳米棒。 该装置包括多个纳米棒和刺激响应材料。 该系统还包括拉曼信号检测器。 可重新配置的SERS的方法包括提供多个纳米棒并将刺激响应材料暴露于刺激。 暴露导致在非活性和活动配置之间移动纳米棒的刺激响应材料的尺寸，形状和体积中的一种或多种的变化。 活性配置有利于分析物发射的拉曼散射信号的生成和检测中的一个或两个。

    Methods and systems for implementing logic gates with spintronic devices located at nanowire crossbar junctions of crossbar arrays
    17.
    发明授权
    Methods and systems for implementing logic gates with spintronic devices located at nanowire crossbar junctions of crossbar arrays 有权
    用于实现位于横杆阵列的纳米线交叉点处的自旋电子器件的逻辑门的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US08143682B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-03-27

    申请号：US11590959

    申请日：2006-10-31

    申请人： Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Wei Wu ,  Gregory S. Snider ,  R. Stanley Williams

    发明人： Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Wei Wu ,  Gregory S. Snider ,  R. Stanley Williams

    IPC分类号： H01L29/82

    CPC分类号： H03K19/18 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/22 ,  H03K3/45

    摘要： Various method and system embodiments of the present invention are directed to implementing serial logic gates using nanowire-crossbar arrays with spintronic devices located at nanowire-crossbar junctions. In one embodiment of the present invention, a nanowire-crossbar array comprises a first nanowire and a number of substantially parallel control nanowires positioned so that each control nanowire overlaps the first nanowire. The nanowire-crossbar array includes a number of spintronic devices. Each spintronic device is configured to connect one of the control nanowires to the first nanowire and operate as a latch for controlling signal transmissions between the control nanowire and the first nanowire.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的各种方法和系统实施例涉及使用位于纳米线交叉点处的自旋电子器件的纳米线交叉阵列来实现串行逻辑门。 在本发明的一个实施例中，纳米线交叉串阵列包括第一纳米线和多个基本上平行的控制纳米线，所述纳米线被定位成使得每个对照纳米线与第一纳米线重叠。 纳米线交叉开关阵列包括许多自旋电子器件。 每个自旋电子设备被配置为将控制纳米线中的一个连接到第一纳米线并且用作用于控制控制纳米线和第一纳米线之间的信号传输的锁存器。

    Negative index material-based modulators and methods for fabricating the same
    18.
    发明授权
    Negative index material-based modulators and methods for fabricating the same 有权
    负基于材料的调制剂及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US08107149B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-01-31

    申请号：US12387169

    申请日：2009-04-29

    申请人： Wei Wu ,  Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Jingjing Li ,  Qiangfei Xia

    发明人： Wei Wu ,  Alexandre M. Bratkovski ,  Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Jingjing Li ,  Qiangfei Xia

    IPC分类号： G02B26/00 ,  G02F1/01

    CPC分类号： G02F1/01 ,  G02F3/02 ,  G02F2202/30 ,  Y10S977/762 ,  Y10S977/932 ,  Y10S977/949 ,  Y10S977/95

    摘要： Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to external, electronically controllable, negative index material-based modulators. In one aspect, an external modulator comprises a negative index material in electronic communication with an electronic signal source. The negative index material receives an electronic signal encoding data from the electronic signal source and an unmodulated carrier wave from an electromagnetic radiation source. Magnitude variations in the electronic signal produce corresponding effective refractive index changes in the negative index material encoding the data in the amplitude and/or phase of the carrier wave to produce an electromagnetic signal.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的各种实施方案涉及外部的，电子可控的，负指数材料的调节剂。 一方面，外部调制器包括与电子信号源电子通信的负索引材料。 负索引材料接收来自电子信号源的电子信号编码数据和来自电磁辐射源的未调制载波。 电子信号的幅度变化在编码载波的幅度和/或相位中的数据的负指数材料中产生对应的有效折射率变化，以产生电磁信号。

    Random negative index material structures in a three-dimensional volume
    19.
    发明授权
    Random negative index material structures in a three-dimensional volume 有权
    三维体积中的随机负指数材料结构

    公开(公告)号：US07593170B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-09-22

    申请号：US11584320

    申请日：2006-10-20

    申请人： Wei Wu ,  Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Alexandre M. Bratkovski

    发明人： Wei Wu ,  Shih-Yuan Wang ,  Alexandre M. Bratkovski

    IPC分类号： G02B13/18 ,  H01B3/24

    CPC分类号： G02B1/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B1/007 ,  G02F2202/30 ,  H01Q15/0086

    摘要： Materials and methods for fabricating and using negative index materials are disclosed. A negative index material comprises a three-dimensional volume including a bulk solution and a plurality of unit cells disposed in the bulk solution in a substantially random pattern. Each unit cell comprises a periodic hole array pattern on a substrate or a resonator formed on a first surface of a substrate, and a thin wire pattern formed on a second surface of the substrate. The combination of the unit cells in the bulk solution produces a negative effective permeability and a negative effective permittivity over a frequency band of interest for the three-dimensional volume. The negative index material may be used to focus radiation by directing an incident radiation at the negative index material and generating a focused radiation by a negative refraction of the incident radiation in the negative index material.

    摘要翻译： 公开了制造和使用负指数材料的材料和方法。 负指数材料包括三维体积，其包括本体溶液和以大致随机图案设置在本体溶液中的多个单元电池。 每个单元电池包括在衬底上形成的周期性孔阵列图案或形成在衬底的第一表面上的谐振器，以及形成在衬底的第二表面上的细线图案。 本体溶液中的单元电池的组合在三维体积的感兴趣频带上产生负的有效磁导率和负的有效介电常数。 负折射率材料可以用于通过在负指数材料处引入入射辐射来聚焦辐射，并通过负指数材料中的入射辐射的负折射产生聚焦辐射。