公开(公告)号：US08859141B2

公开(公告)日：2014-10-14

申请号：US12940864

申请日：2010-11-05

Applicant: Chett Boxley ,  W. Grover Coors ,  John Joseph Watkins

Inventor： Chett Boxley ,  W. Grover Coors ,  John Joseph Watkins

IPC: H01M4/02 ,  H01M2/16 ,  H01M10/056 ,  H01M10/39 ,  H01M10/05

CPC classification number: H01M10/0569 ,  H01M2/1646 ,  H01M4/38 ,  H01M4/381 ,  H01M4/40 ,  H01M4/52 ,  H01M10/05 ,  H01M10/054 ,  H01M10/056 ,  H01M10/0562 ,  H01M10/0567 ,  H01M10/30 ,  H01M10/3909 ,  H01M10/3918 ,  H01M2300/0028 ,  H01M2300/0045 ,  H01M2300/0071 ,  Y02E60/12

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid-state sodium-based secondary cell (or rechargeable battery). While the secondary cell can include any suitable component, in some cases, the secondary cell comprises a solid sodium metal negative electrode that is disposed in a non-aqueous negative electrolyte solution that includes an ionic liquid. Additionally, the cell comprises a positive electrode that is disposed in a positive electrolyte solution. In order to separate the negative electrode and the negative electrolyte solution from the positive electrolyte solution, the cell includes a sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane. Because the cell's negative electrode is in a solid state as the cell functions, the cell may operate at room temperature. Additionally, where the negative electrolyte solution contains the ionic liquid, the ionic liquid may impede dendrite formation on the surface of the negative electrode as the cell is recharged and sodium ions are reduced onto the negative electrode.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种固态钠基二次电池（或可再充电电池）。 虽然二次电池可以包括任何合适的组分，但在一些情况下，二次电池包括固体钠金属负极，其设置在包含离子液体的非水性负电解质溶液中。 此外，电池包括设置在正电解质溶液中的正电极。 为了将负极和负极电解质溶液与正极电解质溶液分离，电池包括钠离子传导性电解质膜。 因为电池的负极在电池起作用时处于固态，电池可以在室温下运行。 此外，当负电解质溶液含有离子液体时，当电池被再充电并且钠离子被还原到负极上时，离子液体可能阻碍负极表面上的枝晶形成。

公开(公告)号：US08177906B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-15

申请号：US12275437

申请日：2008-11-21

Applicant: Chett Boxley

Inventor： Chett Boxley

IPC: C04B18/06 ,  C04B18/08

CPC classification number: C04B18/08 ,  C04B18/021 ,  C04B20/1081 ,  C04B40/0039 ,  C04B2111/0075 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  Y10S106/01 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04 ,  C04B22/064 ,  C04B22/10 ,  C04B22/0093 ,  C04B22/142 ,  C04B22/06

Abstract: A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with a quantity of spray dryer ash (SDA) and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and form a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 40%, and in some cases less than 20%, of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. An optional alkaline activator may be mixed with the fly ash and SDA to facilitate the geopolymerization reaction. The alkaline activator may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract translation: 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将飞灰与一定数量的喷雾干燥灰（SDA）和水混合以引发地质聚合反应并形成地质聚集的飞灰。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚集的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的泡沫指数小于40％，并且在一些情况下小于20％。 可以将任选的碱性活化剂与飞灰和SDA混合以促进地质聚合反应。 碱性活化剂可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US08522720B2

公开(公告)日：2013-09-03

申请号：US13270104

申请日：2011-10-10

Applicant: Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

Inventor： Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

IPC: A01K1/015

CPC classification number: A01K1/0154 ,  A01K1/0155 ,  B01J20/16 ,  B01J20/165 ,  B01J20/28004 ,  B01J20/3028 ,  B01J2220/4806 ,  B01J2220/4887

Abstract: An animal litter composition that includes geopolymerized ash particulates having a network of repeating aluminum-silicon units is described herein. Generally, the animal litter is made from a quantity of a pozzolanic ash mixed with an alkaline activator to initiate a geopolymerization reaction that forms geopolymerized ash. This geopolymerization reaction may occur within a pelletizer. After the geopolymerized ash is formed, it may be dried and sieved to a desired size. These geopolymerized ash particulates may be used to make a non-clumping or clumping animal litter or other absorbing material. Aluminum sulfate, clinoptilolite, silica gel, sodium alginate and mineral oil may be added as additional ingredients.

Abstract translation: 本文描述了包括具有重复的铝 - 硅单元的网络的地质聚集的灰分颗粒的动物垃圾组合物。 通常，动物垃圾由与碱性活化剂混合的一定量的火山灰制成，以引发形成地质聚集的灰分的地质聚合反应。 这种地质聚合反应可能发生在造粒机内。 在形成地质聚合灰之后，可将其干燥并过筛至所需尺寸。 这些地质聚集的灰尘颗粒可用于制造非结块或聚集的动物垃圾或其它吸收材料。 可以加入硫酸铝，斜发沸石，硅胶，藻酸钠和矿物油作为附加成分。

公开(公告)号：US08511254B2

公开(公告)日：2013-08-20

申请号：US13540876

申请日：2012-07-03

Applicant: Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

Inventor： Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

IPC: A01K1/015

CPC classification number: A01K1/0154 ,  A01K1/0155

Abstract: A method of making an animal litter that includes geopolymerized ash, wherein, the animal litter is made from a quantity of a pozzolanic ash mixed with a sufficient quantity of water and an alkaline activator to initiate a geopolymerization reaction that forms geopolymerized ash. After the geopolymerized ash is formed, it is dried, broken into particulates, and sieved to a desired size. These geopolymerized ash particulates are used to make a non-clumping or clumping animal litter. Odor control may be accomplished with the addition of a urease inhibitor, pH buffer, an odor eliminating agent, and/or fragrance.

Abstract translation: 一种制造包含地质聚集灰的动物垃圾的方法，其中，所述动物垃圾由与足量的水和碱性活化剂混合的火山灰灰量制成，以引发形成地质聚集灰分的地质聚合反应。 在形成地质聚合灰之后，将其干燥，破碎成颗粒，并过筛至所需尺寸。 这些地质聚集的灰尘颗粒用于制造非结块或结块的动物垃圾。 可以通过添加脲酶抑制剂，pH缓冲剂，除臭剂和/或香料来实现气味控制。

公开(公告)号：US20120280420A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-08

申请号：US13540876

申请日：2012-07-03

Applicant: Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

Inventor： Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

IPC: A01K1/015 ,  B29C67/24

CPC classification number: A01K1/0154 ,  A01K1/0155

Abstract: A method of making an animal litter that includes geopolymerized ash is described herein. Generally, the animal litter is made from a quantity of a pozzolanic ash mixed with a sufficient quantity of water and an alkaline activator to initiate a geopolymerization reaction that forms geopolymerized ash. After the geopolymerized ash is formed, it is dried, broken into particulates, and sieved to a desired size. These geopolymerized ash particulates are used to make a non-clumping or clumping animal litter. Odor control may accomplished with the addition of a urease inhibitor, pH buffer, an odor eliminating agent, and/or fragrance.

Abstract translation: 本文描述了制造包含地质聚集灰分的动物垃圾的方法。 通常，动物垃圾由与足量的水和碱性活化剂混合的一定量的火山灰制成，以引发形成地质聚集的灰分的地质聚合反应。 在形成地质聚合灰之后，将其干燥，破碎成颗粒，并过筛至所需尺寸。 这些地质聚集的灰尘颗粒用于制造非结块或结块的动物垃圾。 通过添加脲酶抑制剂，pH缓冲剂，除臭剂和/或香料可以实现气味控制。

公开(公告)号：US20090071379A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-19

申请号：US12275437

申请日：2008-11-21

Applicant: Chett Boxley

Inventor： Chett Boxley

IPC: C04B14/00 ,  C04B35/64

CPC classification number: C04B18/08 ,  C04B18/021 ,  C04B20/1081 ,  C04B40/0039 ,  C04B2111/0075 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  Y10S106/01 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04 ,  C04B22/064 ,  C04B22/10 ,  C04B22/0093 ,  C04B22/142 ,  C04B22/06

Abstract: A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with a quantity of spray dryer ash (SDA) and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and form a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 40%, and in some cases less than 20%, of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. An optional alkaline activator may be mixed with the fly ash and SDA to facilitate the geopolymerization reaction. The alkaline activator may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract translation: 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将飞灰与一定数量的喷雾干燥灰（SDA）和水混合以引发地质聚合反应并形成地质聚集的飞灰。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚集的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的泡沫指数小于40％，并且在一些情况下小于20％。 可以将任选的碱性活化剂与飞灰和SDA混合以促进地质聚合反应。 碱性活化剂可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US08349071B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-08

申请号：US13450286

申请日：2012-04-18

Applicant: Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

Inventor： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

IPC: C04B18/06

CPC classification number: C04B18/08 ,  C04B7/243 ,  C04B12/005 ,  C04B14/044 ,  Y02P40/145 ,  Y02P40/165 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04

Abstract: A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with an activator solution sufficient to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and for a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 35% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash, and in some cases less than 10% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract translation: 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将粉煤灰与足以引发地质聚合反应的活化剂溶液和用于地质聚合的飞灰混合。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚合的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的35％的泡沫指数，并且在一些情况下小于未处理的飞灰的泡沫指数的10％。 活化剂溶液可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US08172940B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-08

申请号：US11776892

申请日：2007-07-12

Applicant: Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

Inventor： Chett Boxley ,  Akash Akash ,  Qiang Zhao

IPC: C04B18/06 ,  C04B18/08

CPC classification number: C04B18/08 ,  C04B7/243 ,  C04B12/005 ,  C04B14/044 ,  Y02P40/145 ,  Y02P40/165 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  C04B20/023 ,  C04B20/04

Abstract: A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with an activator solution sufficient to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and for a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 35% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash, and in some cases less than 10% of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. The activator solution may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract translation: 用于处理飞灰以使其高度可用作混凝土添加剂的方法。 根据泡沫指数测试，获得含有碳的粉煤灰，并被认为是混凝土不可用的粉煤灰。 将粉煤灰与足以引发地质聚合反应的活化剂溶液和用于地质聚合的飞灰混合。 地质化的粉煤灰被造粒。 根据泡沫指数测试，地质聚合飞灰被认为是混凝土的可用粉煤灰。 地质聚合的飞灰可以具有小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的35％的泡沫指数，并且在一些情况下小于未处理飞灰的泡沫指数的10％。 活化剂溶液可以含有碱金属氢氧化物，碳酸盐，硅酸盐，铝酸盐或其混合物。

公开(公告)号：US20120024235A1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-02

申请号：US13270104

申请日：2011-10-10

Applicant: Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

Inventor： Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

IPC: A01K1/015

CPC classification number: A01K1/0154 ,  A01K1/0155 ,  B01J20/16 ,  B01J20/165 ,  B01J20/28004 ,  B01J20/3028 ,  B01J2220/4806 ,  B01J2220/4887

Abstract: An animal litter composition that includes geopolymerized ash particulates having a network of repeating aluminum-silicon units is described herein. Generally, the animal litter is made from a quantity of a pozzolanic ash mixed with an alkaline activator to initiate a geopolymerization reaction that forms geopolymerized ash. This geopolymerization reaction may occur within a pelletizer. After the geopolymerized ash is formed, it may be dried and sieved to a desired size. These geopolymerized ash particulates may be used to make a non-clumping or clumping animal litter or other absorbing material. Aluminum sulfate, clinoptilolite, silica gel, sodium alginate and mineral oil may be added as additional ingredients.

Abstract translation: 本文描述了包括具有重复的铝 - 硅单元的网络的地质聚集的灰分颗粒的动物垃圾组合物。 通常，动物垃圾由与碱性活化剂混合的一定量的火山灰制成，以引发形成地质聚集的灰分的地质聚合反应。 这种地质聚合反应可能发生在造粒机内。 在形成地质聚合灰之后，可将其干燥并过筛至所需尺寸。 这些地质聚集的灰尘颗粒可用于制造非结块或聚集的动物垃圾或其它吸收材料。 可以加入硫酸铝，斜发沸石，硅胶，藻酸钠和矿物油作为附加成分。

公开(公告)号：US20110061598A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-17

申请号：US12881994

申请日：2010-09-14

Applicant: Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

Inventor： Chett Boxley ,  Jessica McKelvie

IPC: A01K29/00

CPC classification number: A01K1/0154 ,  A01K1/0155

Abstract: An animal litter composition that includes geopolymerized ash particulates having a network of repeating aluminum-silicon units is described herein. Generally, the animal litter is made from a quantity of a pozzolanic ash mixed with a sufficient quantity of water and an alkaline activator to initiate a geopolymerization reaction that forms geopolymerized ash. After the geopolymerized ash is formed, it is dried, broken into particulates, and sieved to a desired size. These geopolymerized ash particulates are used to make a non-clumping or clumping animal litter. Odor control is accomplished with the addition of a urease inhibitor, pH buffer, an odor eliminating agent, and/or fragrance.

Abstract translation: 本文描述了包括具有重复的铝 - 硅单元的网络的地质聚集的灰分颗粒的动物垃圾组合物。 通常，动物垃圾由与足量的水和碱性活化剂混合的一定量的火山灰制成，以引发形成地质聚集的灰分的地质聚合反应。 在形成地质聚合灰之后，将其干燥，破碎成颗粒，并过筛至所需尺寸。 这些地质聚集的灰尘颗粒用于制造非结块或结块的动物垃圾。 通过添加脲酶抑制剂，pH缓冲剂，除臭剂和/或香料来实现气味控制。