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    Notch filter noise rejection system in a cardiac control device
    12.
    发明授权
    Notch filter noise rejection system in a cardiac control device 失效
    心脏控制装置中的陷波滤波器噪声抑制系统

    公开(公告)号：US5188117A

    公开(公告)日：1993-02-23

    申请号：US782586

    申请日：1991-10-25

    申请人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Richard M. T. Lu

    发明人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Richard M. T. Lu

    IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61N1/37 ,  G06F17/00 ,  H03H11/04 ,  H03M3/02

    CPC分类号： H03M3/02 ,  A61B5/0006 ,  A61B5/7203 ,  A61N1/3704 ,  H03H11/04

    摘要： A physiological event signal sensing system in a cardiac control or monitoring device for detecting spontaneous cardiac electrical events which may be obscured by continuous or burst EMI line frequency noise. The noise rejecting sensing system of this invention senses and samples cardiac signals which may include a noise component which is produced by power line interference in addition to a physiological signal component. The sampling frequency is selected to be an integer multiple of at least one common power line frequency. The system notch filters the cardiac signal to remove line frequency components, using either or both lowpass and highpass notch filtering coefficients, then limits the filtered output to the amplitude of the corresponding filter input to remove filter output signals caused by the sudden termination of line frequency noise which is characteristic of burst noise.

    摘要翻译： 心脏控制或监测装置中的生理事件信号感测系统，用于检测可能被连续或突发的EMI线路频率噪声遮蔽的自发性心脏电气事件。 本发明的噪声抑制感测系统感测和采样心脏信号，心脏信号可以包括除了生理信号分量之外由电力线干扰产生的噪声分量。 采样频率被选择为至少一个公共电力线频率的整数倍。 系统陷波滤波心脏信号以去除线路频率分量，使用低通和高通陷波滤波系数中的一个或两者，然后将滤波输出限制为相应滤波器输入的幅度，以消除由线路频率突然终止引起的滤波器输出信号 噪声是突发噪声的特征。

    High impedance, low polarization cardiac electrode
    13.
    发明授权
    High impedance, low polarization cardiac electrode 有权
    高阻抗，低极化心电极

    公开(公告)号：US06546292B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-04-08

    申请号：US09185995

    申请日：1998-11-04

    申请人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Louis J. Smith ,  William H. Wiley ,  Robert C. Krall

    发明人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Louis J. Smith ,  William H. Wiley ,  Robert C. Krall

    IPC分类号： A61N105

    CPC分类号： A61N1/0565

    摘要： A layered electrode having a large tissue contact area of the portion of the electrode that is electrically active and providing low polarization losses, high pacing impedance and low chronic stimulation voltage. In a fundamental embodiment, the electrode tip has an outer layer of microporous material which is permeable to conductive body fluids which covers a layer of insulating material which is provided with at least one perforation through the thickness of the material. The at least one perforation provides a localized, high current density path. Both of these layers in turn cover the exterior surface of an electrically conductive, preferably metal, electrode body. The present invention is, in a preferred embodiment, a multiple layered device having, in sequence, a) an external layer promoting tissue attachment, b) a cell exclusion layer, which prevents tissue ingrowth into the subsequent underlying layers while allowing passage of conductive fluids, c) a third layer of substantially electrical insulating material with selected or tailored perforations or through holes which provide high current density paths, d) a fourth layer that contains a electrically conductive material of high surface area and e) a fifth metallic layer of a high surface area electrode.

    摘要翻译： 层状电极，其电极的部分具有大的组织接触面积，并具有低的极化损耗，高的起搏阻抗和低的慢性刺激电压。 在一个基本实施例中，电极尖端具有微孔材料的外层，其可渗透导电体液体，其覆盖绝缘材料层，该绝缘材料层设置有穿过该材料厚度的至少一个穿孔。 至少一个穿孔提供了局部的高电流密度路径。 这些层都依次覆盖导电的，优选为金属的电极体的外表面。 本发明在一个优选的实施方案中是一种具有以下顺序的a）促进组织附着的外层的多层器件，b）细胞排阻层，其阻止组织向下延伸到随后的下层中，同时允许导电流体 c）具有选择或定制的穿孔或通孔的基本上电绝缘材料的第三层，其提供高电流密度路径，d）包含高表面积的导电材料的第四层，以及e）第五层金属层 高表面电极。

    Detection of cardiac arrhythmias using correlation of a cardiac electrical signals and temporal data compression
    14.
    发明授权
    Detection of cardiac arrhythmias using correlation of a cardiac electrical signals and temporal data compression 失效
    使用心脏电信号和时间数据压缩的相关性检测心律失常

    公开(公告)号：US5217021A

    公开(公告)日：1993-06-08

    申请号：US738184

    申请日：1991-07-30

    申请人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Randy T. Wells

    发明人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Randy T. Wells

    IPC分类号： A61B5/0452

    CPC分类号： A61B5/7232 ,  A61B5/04525 ,  A61B5/7203

    摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting cardiac arrhythmias in a patient's heart is disclosed. The monitoring method and apparatus sense cardiac electrical signals when the heart is functioning in a known cardiac state, then characterize this known cardiac state by storing a temporally compressed template of time sequence samples. The method and apparatus allow testing during multiple different cardiac states and provide for storage of templates associated with each state. Subsequently, when the heart is functioning in an unknown cardiac state, the method and apparatus monitor cardiac electrical signals by temporally compressing samples and scan correlating these samples with the previously stored template sequences to derive correlation coefficients. The method and apparatus then use these correlation coefficients to characterize cardiac function.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于检测患者心脏心律失常的方法和装置。 监测方法和装置在心脏以已知心脏状态起作用时感测心电信号，然后通过存储时间上压缩的时间序列样本模板来表征该已知心脏状态。 该方法和装置允许在多个不同心脏状态期间进行测试，并提供与每个状态相关联的模板的存储。 随后，当心脏处于未知心脏状态时，该方法和装置通过暂时压缩样本并扫描将这些样本与先前存储的模板序列相关联来监测心脏电信号，以导出相关系数。 然后，该方法和装置使用这些相关系数来表征心脏功能。

    Data compression of cardiac electrical signals using scanning correlation and temporal data compression
    15.
    发明授权
    Data compression of cardiac electrical signals using scanning correlation and temporal data compression 失效
    使用扫描相关和时间数据压缩对心电信号进行数据压缩

    公开(公告)号：US5215098A

    公开(公告)日：1993-06-01

    申请号：US744466

    申请日：1991-08-12

    申请人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Randy T. Wells

    发明人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Randy T. Wells

    IPC分类号： G06F17/00

    CPC分类号： A61B5/0428 ,  A61B5/7232 ,  A61B5/7264

    摘要： A method and apparatus for storing a representation of a cardiac signal by compressing the data using scan correlation and temporal data compression techniques. The method and apparatus sense cardiac signals when the heart is functioning in a known cardiac state, then characterize this known state by storing a temporally compressed template of time sequence samples. The method and apparatus may perform testing for multiple different cardiac states and store templates associated with each state. Subsequently when the heart is functioning in an unknown cardiac state, the method and apparatus monitor cardiac signals by temporally compressing samples and scan correlating these samples with the previously stored templates to derive correlation coefficients. These correlation coefficients are a basis for identifying and classifying cardiac signal waveforms. For waveforms which correlate highly with a particular template, analysis of the timing of the maximum correlation coefficient provides a fiducial time which designates the time relationship of waveforms within different cardiac cycles. The method and apparatus store information in the form of templates, fiducial timing markers, and waveform occurrence counts. This data provides the information necessary to subsequently reproduce a long-term signal record.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于通过使用扫描相关和时间数据压缩技术压缩数据来存储心脏信号的表示的方法和装置。 当心脏以已知心脏状态起作用时，该方法和装置感测心脏信号，然后通过存储时间上压缩的时间序列样本模板来表征该已知状态。 该方法和装置可以执行多个不同心脏状态的测试并存储与每个状态相关联的模板。 随后当心脏处于未知心脏状态时，该方法和装置通过对样本进行时间压缩来监测心脏信号，并扫描将这些样本与先前存储的模板相关联以导出相关系数。 这些相关系数是识别和分类心脏信号波形的基础。 对于与特定模板高度相关的波形，最大相关系数的定时分析提供了指定不同心脏周期内波形的时间关系的基准时间。 该方法和装置以模板，基准定时标记和波形发生计数的形式存储信息。 该数据提供随后再现长期信号记录所需的信息。

    Automatic atrial pacing threshold determination utilizing an external programmer and a surface electrogram
    16.
    发明授权
    Automatic atrial pacing threshold determination utilizing an external programmer and a surface electrogram 失效
    使用外部编程器和表面电描记图进行自动心房起搏阈值确定

    公开(公告)号：US5458623A

    公开(公告)日：1995-10-17

    申请号：US208140

    申请日：1994-03-04

    申请人： Richard M. T. Lu ,  Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Peter A. Crosby

    发明人： Richard M. T. Lu ,  Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Peter A. Crosby

    IPC分类号： A61N1/37 ,  A61N1/36

    CPC分类号： A61N1/371 ,  A61N1/3714

    摘要： A clinical programming system for use with an implanted cardiac pacemaker to automatically determine the minimum pacing energy which is necessary to evoke an atrial depolarization. The system utilizes a series of pacing pulses of progressively decreasing energies to stimulate the atrium, and detects an evoked response during the AV delay interval that follows each pulse. Initial P-wave intervals are subjected to morphological analysis to generate a P-wave template. Subsequent intervals are similarly analyzed and the results compared with the template. The absence of similarity with the template indicates the loss of atrial capture and that the minimum pacing energy has been reached.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于植入心脏起搏器的临床编程系统，用于自动确定唤起心房去极化所需的最小起搏能量。 该系统利用逐渐降低能量的一系列起搏脉冲来刺激心房，并且检测在每个脉冲之后的AV延迟间隔期间的诱发响应。 对初始P波间隔进行形态分析以产生P波模板。 类似地分析随后的间隔，并将结果与​​模板进行比较。 与模板不相似表明心房捕获的丧失，并且达到了最小的起搏能量。

    Signal averaging of cardiac electrical signals using temporal data compression and scanning correlation
    17.
    发明授权
    Signal averaging of cardiac electrical signals using temporal data compression and scanning correlation 失效
    使用时间数据压缩和扫描相关的心电信号的信号平均

    公开(公告)号：US5255186A

    公开(公告)日：1993-10-19

    申请号：US740922

    申请日：1991-08-06

    申请人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Randy T. Wells

    发明人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Randy T. Wells

    IPC分类号： G06F17/00 ,  G06F15/42

    CPC分类号： A61B5/04525 ,  A61B5/0428 ,  A61B5/7232

    摘要： A method and apparatus for aligning periodic cardiac signal waveforms for the purpose of signal averaging over a number of cardiac cycles. The aligning method and apparatus sense cardiac electrical signals over a number of cardiac cycles, store a template characterizing these signals, reduce the data rate of the same sensed signals by temporal data compression, and store a compressed template sequence. Subsequently, the method and apparatus perform signal averaging by monitoring cardiac electrical signals, storing samples of these signals, temporally compressing these samples and scan correlating the compressed samples with the previously stored compressed template sequence to derive correlation coefficients. Thereafter, the method and apparatus utilize the maximum correlation coefficient to roughly align the monitored waveform with the averaged signal, and then they scan correlate a portion of the noncompressed monitored waveform adjacent to the maximum correlation coefficient with a corresponding portion of the non-compressed template to provide precise alignment of the monitored waveform with the averaged signal.

    Detection of cardiac arrhythmias using template matching by signature analysis
    20.
    发明授权
    Detection of cardiac arrhythmias using template matching by signature analysis 失效
    通过签名分析使用模板匹配检测心律失常

    公开(公告)号：US5273049A

    公开(公告)日：1993-12-28

    申请号：US865320

    申请日：1992-04-09

    申请人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Saul E. Greenhut

    发明人： Bruce M. Steinhaus ,  Saul E. Greenhut

    IPC分类号： A61N1/362 ,  A61N1/39 ,  A61B5/0472

    CPC分类号： A61N1/3621 ,  A61N1/3962 ,  A61N1/3987

    摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting cardiac arrhythmias are disclosed. The detecting method and apparatus sense cardiac electrical signals when the heart is functioning in a known cardiac state, such as a physiologically normal cardiac state, then define and store an array of amplitude windows wherein each sample in the array of amplitude windows corresponds to a sample of the known cardiac signal. Each amplitude window delineates a range of signal amplitudes bracketing the amplitude of the known cardiac electrical signal sample. The array of amplitude windows corresponds in time to periodically occurring known cardiac signal samples occurring within a predetermined time of interest. Subsequently, when the heart is functioning in an unknown cardiac state, the method and apparatus monitor cardiac electrical signals by time aligning samples and comparing, on a sample by sample basis, the amplitude of unknown state cardiac signal samples with the amplitude range within the stored array of amplitude window samples. The relative number of samples falling outside the amplitude windows is the basis for analyzing cardiac signal morphology for the purpose of detecting cardiac arrhythmias.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于检测心律失常的方法和装置。 当心脏在已知心脏状态（例如生理正常心脏状态）中起作用时，检测方法和装置感测心电信号，然后定义并存储幅度窗口阵列，其中振幅窗阵列中的每个样本对应于样本 的已知心脏信号。 每个幅度窗口描绘包围已知心脏电信号样本的振幅的信号幅度范围。 振幅窗口的阵列在时间上对应于在预定的感兴趣时间内发生的周期性发生的已知心脏信号样本。 随后，当心脏处于未知心脏状态时，该方法和装置通过时间对准样本来监测心脏电信号，并且以样本为基础，将未知状态心脏信号样本的振幅与所存储的振幅范围进行比较 振幅窗口样本阵列。 落在振幅窗外的样本的相对数量是分析心脏信号形态以检测心律失常的基础。