公开(公告)号：US07725043B2

公开(公告)日：2010-05-25

申请号：US10960159

申请日：2004-10-07

申请人： Willie W. Ng ,  David L. Persechini ,  Robert H. Buckley

发明人： Willie W. Ng ,  David L. Persechini ,  Robert H. Buckley

IPC分类号： H04B10/04 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/504 ,  H01S5/06817

摘要： A laser transmitter with a feedback control loop for minimizing noise. The novel laser transmitter includes a laser, an external reflector adapted to form an extended cavity to the laser, and a feedback control loop adapted to detect noise in the laser and in accordance therewith, adjust the optical phase of the extended cavity such that the noise is at a desired level. The optical phase of the extended cavity is adjusted by adjusting an operating parameter of the laser, such as its bias current. In an illustrative embodiment, the feedback control loop is adapted to compute the rate of change of the noise with respect to bias current and in accordance therewith, adjust the bias current of the laser such that relative intensity noise and interferometric intermodulation distortion are simultaneously minimized.

摘要翻译： 具有反馈控制回路的激光发射器，用于最小化噪声。 新颖的激光发射器包括激光器，适于形成到激光器的延伸空腔的外部反射器，以及适于检测激光器中的噪声的反馈控制回路，并且根据该激光器调节扩展腔体的光学相位，使得噪声 处于所需的水平。 通过调整激光器的工作参数（如偏置电流）来调节扩展腔的光学相位。 在说明性实施例中，反馈控制环路适于计算噪声相对于偏置电流的变化率，并且根据其调整激光器的偏置电流，使得相对强度噪声和干涉式互调失真同时最小化。

公开(公告)号：US06175672B1

公开(公告)日：2001-01-16

申请号：US09336264

申请日：1999-06-18

申请人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Robert R. Hayes ,  Kapriel V. Krikorian ,  Robert Y. Loo ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Robert A. Rosen

发明人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Robert R. Hayes ,  Kapriel V. Krikorian ,  Robert Y. Loo ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Robert A. Rosen

IPC分类号： G02B628

CPC分类号： H04B10/2575

摘要： A substantially lossless transmissive link, such as an RF fiber optic link, that selectively employs a number of techniques to improve various link parameters. The link may be structured to comprise a high power light source, such as a laser, that provides light output having a high level of optical power. A feedback circuit may be disposed around the light source that reduces relative-intensity-noise levels produced by the light source at low frequencies. A modulator is provided that modulates the light output of the light source. Preferably, a dual output modulator may be used to provide two modulated optical signals whose respective RF modulation is “effectively” 180 degrees out of phase. An optical fiber that transmits the modulated optical signal(s). A photodetector without a load resistor directly on its output that is operable at the high level of optical power, receives the modulated light and recovers the RF signal. A dual balaniced photodetector that is used in conjunction with the dual output modulator. An RF component, such as an amiplifier, that is coupled directly to an output of the photodetector that provides a load resistance for the link.

摘要翻译： 基本上无损的透射链路，例如RF光纤链路，其选择性地采用多种技术来改善各种链路参数。 链路可以被构造为包括提供具有高水平光功率的光输出的诸如激光器的高功率光源。 可以在光源周围设置反馈电路，从而降低光源在低频时产生的相对强度噪声水平。 提供调制器来调节光源的光输出。 优选地，双输出调制器可以用于提供两个调制的光信号，其相应的RF调制“有效地”相位相差180度。 发送调制光信号的光纤。 没有负载电阻器的光电检测器直接在其输出端处可以在高功率电平下工作，接收调制的光并恢复RF信号。 双重平衡光电检测器，与双输出调制器结合使用。 RF分量，例如放大器，其直接耦合到光电检测器的输出端，为链路提供负载电阻。

公开(公告)号：US5404006A

公开(公告)日：1995-04-04

申请号：US183206

申请日：1994-01-18

申请人： James H. Schaffner ,  Joseph L. Pikulski ,  Robert Y. Loo ,  Willie W. Ng

发明人： James H. Schaffner ,  Joseph L. Pikulski ,  Robert Y. Loo ,  Willie W. Ng

IPC分类号： H01L31/0232 ,  G02B6/42 ,  H01L27/144 ,  H01L31/10 ,  H01L31/108 ,  H01P3/08 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/14 ,  H04B10/158 ,  H04B10/26 ,  H04B10/28 ,  H01J40/14

CPC分类号： H04B10/69 ,  G02B6/42 ,  H01L27/144 ,  H01L27/1446 ,  H01L31/1085 ,  H04B10/6932

摘要： An optical receiver with an enhanced power capability and wide bandwidth is implemented by distributing a number of photodetectors along an optical transmission channel to convert respective portions of an optical signal into electrical signals. An electrical transmission line receives and accumulates signal inputs from the photodetectors. A velocity matching is established between the optical and electrical signals, allowing the photodetector outputs to accumulate coherently along the electrical transmission line, by loading the transmission line with distributed capacitance elements. The loading capacitances are preferably inherent in the photodetectors, which are designed and spaced apart from each other to yield the desired velocity matching. Possible photodetectors include p-i-n photodiodes with associated depletion layer capacitances, and metal-semiconductor-metal devices in which the capacitance is provided by interdigitated fingers that extend over an active optically absorbing layer on the waveguide from electrodes on either side.

摘要翻译： 具有增强的功率能力和宽带宽的光接收机通过沿光传输信道分布多个光电检测器来实现，以将光信号的各个部分转换为电信号。 电传输线接收并累积来自光电检测器的信号输入。 在光信号和电信号之间建立速度匹配，允许光电检测器输出通过将传输线与分布式电容元件相加来沿着电传输线累积。 负载电容优选在光电检测器中是固有的，其被设计并彼此分开以产生期望的速度匹配。 可能的光电检测器包括具有相关的耗尽层电容的p-i-n光电二极管以及金属 - 半导体 - 金属器件，其中电容由交叉指状物提供，其在波导上的任一侧上的电极上延伸超过有源光学吸收层。

公开(公告)号：US08023831B1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-20

申请号：US12966900

申请日：2010-12-13

申请人： Robert R. Hayes ,  Willie W. Ng

发明人： Robert R. Hayes ,  Willie W. Ng

IPC分类号： H04B10/04

CPC分类号： H04B10/50 ,  H04B2210/006

摘要： In one of many possible implementations and embodiments, a method is provided for providing linearized phase modulation and demodulation in an RF-photonic link. This includes phase modulating a photonic carrier signal in a signal arm using the RF input and using the RF output in a negative feedback phase tracking loop to modulate either the RF input modulated carrier signal in the signal arm, or a signal in a local oscillator arm. Optical signals from the signal arm and the local oscillator arm are optically coupled. The optically coupled signals are photodetected and differentally combined. The differentially combined signals are amplified to provide the RF output signal. In some implementations, the photonic carrier signal is suppressed prior to photodetection. Further, in some implementations a small portion of the local oscillator signal may be coupled with the carrier suppressed optical signal.

公开(公告)号：US07877020B1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-25

申请号：US11413270

申请日：2006-04-28

申请人： Robert R. Hayes ,  Willie W. Ng

发明人： Robert R. Hayes ,  Willie W. Ng

IPC分类号： H04B10/04

CPC分类号： H04B10/50 ,  H04B2210/006

摘要： In one of many possible implementations and embodiments, a method is provided for providing linearized phase modulation and demodulation in an RF-photonic link. This includes phase modulating a photonic carrier signal in a signal arm using the RF input and using the RF output in a negative feedback phase tracking loop to modulate either the RF input modulated carrier signal in the signal arm, or a signal in a local oscillator arm. Optical signals from the signal arm and the local oscillator arm are optically coupled. The optically coupled signals are photodetected and differentally combined. The differentially combined signals are amplified to provide the RF output signal. In some implementations, the photonic carrier signal is suppressed prior to photodetection. Further, in some implementations a small portion of the local oscillator signal may be coupled with the carrier suppressed optical signal.

摘要翻译： 在许多可能的实现和实施例之一中，提供了一种用于在RF-光子链路中提供线性化的相位调制和解调的方法。 这包括使用RF输入对信号臂中的光子载波信号进行相位调制，并且在负反馈相位跟踪环路中使用RF输出来调制信号臂中的RF输入调制载波信号，或调制本地振荡器臂中的信号 。 来自信号臂和本地振荡臂的光信号被光耦合。 光耦合信号被光电检测和差分组合。 差分组合信号被放大以提供RF输出信号。 在一些实施方案中，光子载体信号在光电检测之前被抑制。 此外，在一些实现中，本地振荡器信号的一小部分可以与载波抑制的光信号耦合。

公开(公告)号：US5677697A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-14

申请号：US608589

申请日：1996-02-28

申请人： J. J. Lee ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

发明人： J. J. Lee ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

IPC分类号： G02B3/00 ,  G01S7/03 ,  G01S7/282 ,  G01S13/42 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H01Q15/00 ,  H01Q15/02 ,  H01Q19/00 ,  H01Q25/00 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC分类号： G01S7/282 ,  H01Q15/02 ,  H01Q25/008 ,  H01Q3/2676 ,  G01S13/426 ,  G01S7/032

摘要： An optical heterodyne system provides the radiation source and beam scan control of a millimeter wave (MMW) array antenna. The heterodyne system is an optical feed system to produce the MMW by mixing the optical outputs from two lasers, distribute the signal source to an array of radiating elements through a Rotman lens and optical fibers, generate the differential phase shift for beam scan in the optical domain, change the beam direction by switching the input laser being used to illuminate the Rotman lens or by varying the frequency of one of the laser sources. The feed system includes a plurality n-1 lasers spaced along the transmit side of the lens, and a center laser disposed on the center axis of the transmit side. A l:n switch receives a command input to determine which of the n-1 lasers will operate. The beat frequency between the center laser operating frequency and that of the n-1 lasers is the MMW frequency. N optical receive elements are spaced along the output side of the Rotman lens and are connected to a corresponding photodetector by equal length optical fibers. The output of each photodetector is amplified and fed to a corresponding radiating element. The system also operates in a corresponding receive mode.

摘要翻译： 光学外差系统提供毫米波（MMW）阵列天线的辐射源和波束扫描控制。 外差系统是通过混合来自两个激光器的光输出来产生MMW的光学馈送系统，通过Rotman透镜和光纤将信号源分布到辐射元件阵列，在光学器件中产生用于光束扫描的差分相移 通过切换用于照亮Rotman透镜的输入激光器或通过改变其中一个激光源的频率来改变光束方向。 馈送系统包括沿着透镜的发射侧间隔开的多个n-1个激光器，以及设置在发射侧的中心轴上的中心激光器。 l：n开关接收命令输入，以确定n-1激光器中的哪一个将工作。 中心激光器工作频率与n-1激光器之间的拍频是MMW频率。 N个光接收元件沿着Rotman透镜的输出侧间隔开，并且通过相等长度的光纤连接到相应的光电检测器。 每个光电检测器的输出被放大并馈送到相应的辐射元件。 该系统还以相应的接收模式工作。

公开(公告)号：US5400162A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-21

申请号：US145949

申请日：1993-10-29

申请人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Richard C. Lind ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Huan W. Yen ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Michael Wechsberg

发明人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Richard C. Lind ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Huan W. Yen ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Michael Wechsberg

IPC分类号： G02B6/42 ,  G02B6/28 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0003 ,  H01Q3/2676 ,  G02B6/2861 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/002 ,  H04Q2011/0039

摘要： Optoelectronic switching apparatus employing optoelectronic switching devices interconnected by optical media having different delay lengths and an multiport optical coupler. The optoelectronic switching apparatus provides for a multibit true-time-delay beamsteerer for beamsteering phased array antennas. The present invention combines two types of optoelectronic devices, lasers and photodiode switches, using an interconnected passive optical network comprising the optical fibers and the optical coupler. The switches, and input and output signal networks coupled to the respective switches, are controlled using a control signal generator. Using this scheme, any input can be independently selected and a signal can be routed to any output. Furthermore, the product of the total number of different interconnect paths (N.times.M) is provided which provides a greater number of delay lengths than is provided by using only one type of switch (i.e. laser (N) or photodiode (M)) alone. The present invention also provides for improved insertion loss while increasing the number of delay paths.

摘要翻译： 使用通过具有不同延迟长度的光学介质互连的光电开关装置的光电开关装置和多端口光耦合器。 光电开关装置提供用于波束导向相控阵天线的多位真实时间延迟波束整形器。 本发明使用包括光纤和光耦合器的互连无源光网络结合了两种类型的光电子器件，激光器和光电二极管开关。 耦合到相应开关的开关以及输入和输出信号网络使用控制信号发生器进行控制。 使用此方案，可以独立选择任何输入，并将信号路由到任何输出。 此外，提供了不同的互连路径（NxM）的总数的乘积，其提供比仅通过仅使用一种类型的开关（即，激光（N）或光电二极管（M））提供的更多数量的延迟长度。 本发明还提供了增加插入损耗的同时增加延迟路径的数量。

公开(公告)号：US07813654B1

公开(公告)日：2010-10-12

申请号：US11117656

申请日：2005-04-27

申请人： Willie W. Ng ,  Robert R. Hayes ,  Shubha Kadambe

发明人： Willie W. Ng ,  Robert R. Hayes ,  Shubha Kadambe

IPC分类号： H04B10/04 ,  H04B10/12

CPC分类号： H04B10/505 ,  H04B10/58

摘要： Transversal equalization is used to obtain broadband linearization of photonic modulation. A photonic link comprises a signal path and a feed-forward path. The feed-forward path includes an optical linearizer and a transversal equalizer connected with the optical linearizer. In this way, amplitude and phase matching of the error in the signal path is obtained over a wide bandwidth. This, in turn, enables a broadband enhancement of the link's spur free dynamic range (SFDR).

摘要翻译： 使用横向均衡来获得光子调制的宽带线性化。 光子链路包括信号路径和前馈路径。 前馈路径包括光学线性化器和与光学线性化器连接的横向均衡器。 以这种方式，在宽带宽上获得信号路径中的误差的幅度和相位匹配。 这反过来又能够实现链路无刺激动态范围（SFDR）的宽带增强。

公开(公告)号：US20100028012A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-04

申请号：US12556527

申请日：2009-09-09

申请人： Willie W. Ng

发明人： Willie W. Ng

IPC分类号： H04B10/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/2575 ,  H04B2210/006 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： A method and apparatus for implementing an RF photonic transversal filter that utilizes tap apodization and wavelength reuse to obtain a high side lobe suppression together with narrow and configurable passbands. Several taps are obtained from one wavelength by using dispersive optical delay lines such as chirped fiber gratings that introduce a delay between successive wavelengths. A selected subset of the input wavelengths is utilized to generate multiple taps per wavelength. Some of the taps are apodized to generate various filter transfer functions that yield a high side lobe suppression ratio.

摘要翻译： 一种用于实现RF光子横向滤波器的方法和装置，其利用抽头变迹和波长重用来与窄的和可配置的通带一起获得高旁瓣抑制。 通过使用色散光学延迟线（例如引入连续波长之间的延迟的啁啾光纤光栅）从一个波长获得几个抽头。 所选择的输入波长子集用于每波长产生多个抽头。 一些抽头被变迹以产生产生高旁瓣抑制比的各种过滤器传递函数。

公开(公告)号：US07627253B1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-01

申请号：US11478402

申请日：2006-06-28

申请人： Willie W. Ng

发明人： Willie W. Ng

IPC分类号： H04B10/00 ,  H04J14/02

CPC分类号： H04B10/2575 ,  H04B2210/006 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： A method and apparatus for implementing an RF photonic transversal filter that utilizes tap apodization and wavelength reuse to obtain a high side lobe suppression together with narrow and configurable passbands. Several taps are obtained from one wavelength by using dispersive optical delay lines such as chirped fiber gratings that introduce a delay between successive wavelengths. A selected subset of the input wavelengths is utilized to generate multiple taps per wavelength. Some of the taps are apodized to generate various filter transfer functions that yield a high side lobe suppression ratio.

摘要翻译： 一种用于实现RF光子横向滤波器的方法和装置，其利用抽头变迹和波长重用来与窄的和可配置的通带一起获得高旁瓣抑制。 通过使用色散光学延迟线（例如引入连续波长之间的延迟的啁啾光纤光栅）从一个波长获得几个抽头。 所选择的输入波长子集用于每波长产生多个抽头。 一些抽头被变迹以产生产生高旁瓣抑制比的各种过滤器传递函数。