摘要:
A process is disclosed for preparing biomass particles for thermolytic or enzymatic conversion whereby the biomass particles baying a moisture content of at least 20% are subjected to flash heating. The flash heating may be preceded by one or more adsorption/desorption cycles with water or steam. A swelling aid may be added during the adsorption part of an adsorption/desorption cycle.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for reducing the mechanical strength of solid biomass material, in particular ligno-cellulosic biomass. The method comprises heating the solid biomass material to a temperature in the range of 105° C. to 200° C. The heat treatment, which is referred to as “toasting”, significantly reduces the mechanical energy required for reducing the particle size of the solid biomass material.The method is particularly suitable as a pretreatment step to a conversion reaction of the solid biomass material.
摘要:
The invention relates to an oxidic catalyst composition comprising 5-60 wt % of a divalent metal, 5-60 wt % of a trivalent metal, and 35-60 wt % of a rare earth metal, calculated as oxide and based on the total weight of the oxidic catalyst composition. The invention also relates to a process for preparing such an oxidic catalyst composition. This composition is suitable as metal trap in FCC processes.
摘要:
A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80° C. to 400° C. to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size between 1 μm and 1000 μm. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid hydrocarbon to form a suspension, wherein the suspension includes from 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a unit selected from the group consisting of a pyrolysis reactor, a fluid catalytic cracking unit, a delayed coker, a fluid coker, a hydroprocessing unit, and a hydrocracking unit, and then at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.
摘要:
A process is described for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass. The process comprises swelling the lignocellulosic biomass with an aqueous liquid. The pretreated lignocellulosic biomass may be used as a feedstock for the enzymatic conversion to ethanol, or in a thermal conversion. process to produce bio-oil. The pretreatment results in a greater yield and, in the case of a thermal conversion process, a better quality of the bio-oil. The pretreatment process may be used to adjust the composition and amount of inorganic material present in the lignocellulosic biomass material.
摘要:
A process is disclosed for converting a biomass material to a stabilized bio-oil. The process comprises converting the biomass to a pyrolytic oil having suspended therein particles of metal compounds, and removing at least part of the suspended metal compounds to obtain a stabilized bio-oil.
摘要:
Process for the preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmite comprising the steps of: (a) preparing an aqueous precursor mixture comprising a water-insoluble aluminum source; (b) decreasing the pH of the precursor mixture of step (a) by at least 2 units; (c) increasing the pH of the mixture of step (b) by at least 2 units, and (d) aging the mixture of step (c) under hydrothermal conditions to form a quasi-crystalline boehmite. This process provides for the hydrothermal preparation of quasi-crystalline boehmites with high peptizability. The invention therefore further relates to quasi-crystalline boehmites with a high peptizability, measured as the Z-average submicron particle size. This Z-average submicron particle size preferably is less than 500 nm, more preferably less than 300 nm, even more preferably less than 200 nm, and most preferably less than 100 nm.
摘要:
A process for producing fuel from biomass is disclosed herein. The process includes torrefying biomass material at a temperature between 80° C. to 400° C. to form particulated biomass having a mean average particle size between 1 μm and 1000 μm. The particulated biomass is mixed with a liquid hydrocarbon to form a suspension, wherein the suspension includes from 1 weight percent to 40 weight percent particulated biomass. The suspension is fed into a unit selected from the group consisting of a pyrolysis reactor, a fluid catalytic cracking unit, a delayed coker, a fluid coker, a hydroprocessing unit, and a hydrocracking unit, and then at least a portion of the particulated biomass of the suspension is converted into fuel.
摘要:
Process for the preparation of an oxidic catalyst composition consisting of one or more trivalent metals preferably aluminum, one or more divalent metals preferably magnesium and more than 18 wt % of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal compounds, phosphorus compounds, and transition metal compounds, which process comprises the steps of preparing a precursor mixture consisting of (i) or more trivalent metal compounds, (ii) one or more divalent metal compounds, (iii) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal compounds, and transition metal compounds, and (iv) optionally water, which precursor mixture is not a solution. The resulting oxidic catalyst composition is suitable as a metal trap and SOx sorbent FCC processes.
摘要:
Process for the preparation of an oxidic composition comprising a trivalent metal, a divalent metal and—calculated as oxide and based on the total composition—more than 18 wt % of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal compounds, phosphorus compounds, and transition metal compounds, which process comprises the following steps: (a) preparing a precursor mixture comprising (i) a compound 1 being a trivalent metal compound, (ii) a compound 2 being a divalent metal compound, and (iii) a compound 3 being different from compounds 1 and 2 and being selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal compounds, phosphorus compounds, and transition metal compounds, (b) optionally aging the mixture, without anionic clay being formed, (c) drying the mixture, and (d) calcining the product of step c). The resulting oxidic composition is suitable as a metal trap and SOx sorbent FCC processes.
摘要翻译:用于制备包含三价金属,二价金属和以氧化物计算并基于总组合物的氧化组合物的方法 - 大于18重量%的一种或多种选自稀土金属化合物,磷 化合物和过渡金属化合物,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)制备前体混合物,其包含(i)化合物1为三价金属化合物,(ii)化合物2为二价金属化合物,和(iii) 化合物3不同于化合物1和2,并且选自稀土金属化合物,磷化合物和过渡金属化合物,(b)任选地老化该混合物,而不形成阴离子粘土,(c)干燥 混合物,和(d)煅烧步骤c)的产物。 所得的氧化物组合物适合用作金属捕集剂和SO x x吸附剂FCC方法。