公开(公告)号：US4391691A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-05

申请号：US242579

申请日：1981-03-11

申请人： Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

发明人： Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  F02D41/14 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/48 ,  G01N27/56 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  F02D41/1476 ,  G01N27/4065 ,  G01N27/48

摘要： To render output of a polarographic sensor essentially independent of aging of electrodes and temperature effects of the solid electrolyte body, within the operating ranges of the sensor to measure the oxygen composition of exhaust gases, the solid electrolyte plate of, for example, 50 mm length, 8 mm width and 1 mm thickness has a sensing electrode system including a cathode (2), and an anode (3) applied thereto, connected to a voltage source (7) of controllable output voltage. An oxygen molecule diffusion barrier (6) is applied to the cathode electrode. Additionally, a further electrode pair (5,4) is applied to the solid electrolyte body (1), serially connected in the current limiting circuit including the control voltage source. The voltage across one (2,3) of the electrode pairs is measured and compared with the voltage across the other electrode pair (4,5) voltage source, since the resistance of the zirconium solid electrolyte body drops with increasing temperature at roughly the same rate as the increase in limit current flow with increasing temperature. Both electrode pairs (2,3; 4,5) on the solid electrolyte body (1) are exposed to the gases, the oxygen content of which is to be analyzed.

摘要翻译： 为了使极谱传感器的输出基本上独立于电极的老化和固体电解质体的温度效应，在用于测量废气的氧气组成的传感器的操作范围内，固体电解质板例如为50mm长度 宽8mm，厚1mm的感测电极系统具有与可控输出电压的电压源（7）连接的阴极（2）和阳极（3）的检测电极系统。 向阴极施加氧分子扩散阻挡层（6）。 另外，在包括控制电压源的限流电路中串联连接到固体电解质体（1）上的另一电极对（5,4）。 测量一个（2,3）电极对上的电压，并与另一个电极对（4,5）电压源上的电压进行比较，因为锆固体电解质体的电阻随温度升高大致相同而下降 随着温度的升高，限流电流的增加。 将固体电解质体（1）上的两个电极对（2,3; 4,5）暴露于要分析其含氧量的气体。

公开(公告)号：US4369748A

公开(公告)日：1983-01-25

申请号：US268856

申请日：1981-06-01

申请人： Leo Steinke ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

发明人： Leo Steinke ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

IPC分类号： G01M15/00 ,  F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/153 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G01H17/00 ,  G01L23/22 ,  F02P5/04 ,  F02B3/00

CPC分类号： G01L23/22 ,  F02P5/1525 ,  Y02T10/46

摘要： A sensor (10) optically coupled to the combustion chamber (10') of an internal combustion (IC) engine is kept free from contaminating or dirt deposits, or the like, by subjecting the sensor to mechanical shocks or vibration. The mechanical shocks or vibration are obtained by the engine itself by controlling the engine to operate for a predetermined time period as set by a monostable flip-flop (FF) (18) under controlled knocking conditions, the shock waves within the combustion chamber causing flaking off or dropping off of contaminating deposits. Controlled knocking can be obtained by advancing ignition timing by additional control of an ignition system (19) in a direction of excessive spark advance, or overriding a knocking inhibiting system already present on the engine. The degree of contamination of the sensor can be determined, for example, by integrating the light received over a predetermined angle of rotation of the engine crankshaft and comparing this rotation with the amount of fuel supplied to the engine for combustion, for example by comparison with timing of a fuel injection pulse, or the like.

摘要翻译： 光学耦合到内燃机（IC）发动机的燃烧室（10'）的传感器（10）通过使传感器受到机械冲击或振动而保持没有污染或污垢沉积物等。 发动机本身通过控制发动机在受控的爆震条件下由单稳态触发器（FF）（18）设定的预定时间段来实现机械冲击或振动，燃烧室内的冲击波引起剥落 脱落或掉落污染沉积物。 可以通过在点火系统（19）的过度火花提前的方向上进一步控制点火正时或者超越已经存在于发动机上的爆震抑制系统来获得控制爆震。 传感器的污染程度可以例如通过将在发动机曲轴的预定旋转角度上接收到的光积分并将该旋转与供给到发动机用于燃烧的燃料量进行比较来确定，例如通过与 燃料喷射脉冲的定时等。

公开(公告)号：US4358952A

公开(公告)日：1982-11-16

申请号：US214513

申请日：1980-12-09

申请人： Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Klaus Muller ,  Ernst Linder

发明人： Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Klaus Muller ,  Ernst Linder

IPC分类号： F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/153 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G01L23/22

CPC分类号： G01L23/22

摘要： To detect detonations in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, the sensor system is constructed as a unit that may be threadedly engaged with the combustion chamber wall, the unit including an antechamber in the region near the combustion chamber and a detector being disposed at the base of the antechamber. The sensor system further may be equipped with a heater for burning off contaminations. In a further embodiment, at least one filter disc is disposed in front of the detector, so that a selective processing of the received optical signals is possible.

摘要翻译： 为了检测内燃机的燃烧室中的爆震，传感器系统被构造为可以与燃烧室壁螺纹接合的单元，该单元包括在燃烧室附近的区域中的前室，并且检测器设置在 前厅的基地。 传感器系统还可以配备有用于燃烧污染物的加热器。 在另一个实施例中，至少一个滤光片设置在检测器的前面，使得接收到的光信号的选择性处理是可能的。

公开(公告)号：US4334974A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-15

申请号：US121598

申请日：1980-02-14

申请人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Franz Rieger ,  Karl H. Friese ,  Harald Reber ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Hermann Ziener ,  Friedrich Esper ,  Gerhard Holfelder

发明人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Franz Rieger ,  Karl H. Friese ,  Harald Reber ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Hermann Ziener ,  Friedrich Esper ,  Gerhard Holfelder

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  G01N27/403 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/413 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  G01N27/4067

摘要： To permit a layer construction, which is inexpensive and lends itself to mass production manufacture, a solid electrolyte body, in plate-like construction, with electrodes at either thereof is positioned in a housing with a portion thereof extending in the region where it is exposed to gases to be sensed; a porous cover is applied on one of the electrodes, the porous cover having a predetermined diffusion resistance to oxygen molecules. A flat insulating plate of approximately the same dimension as the solid electrolyte plate is positioned flat thereagainst, and a flat layer-like electrical heating element is secured on the flat insulating plate or, in other embodiments, against another insulating covering on the other side of the heating element as well, close to the electrodes and adjacent the plane surfaces of the body. The heating element and the electrodes of the sensing element are carried out as conductive tracks for connection to respective sources of operating or biassing potential and, with respect to the sensing electrodes, to an evaluation circuit.

摘要翻译： 为了允许廉价的并且适合批量生产制造的层结构，板状结构中的固体电解质体，其中的电极位于壳体中，其一部分在其暴露的区域中延伸 对待检测的气体; 在其中一个电极上施加多孔覆盖层，多孔覆盖层对氧分子具有预定的扩散阻力。 与固体电解质板大致相同尺寸的平板绝缘板位于平坦的平面上，平板状电加热元件固定在平绝缘板上，或者在其他实施例中固定在另一侧的另一绝缘覆盖物 加热元件也靠近电极并且靠近主体的平面。 感测元件的加热元件和电极被执行为用于连接到相应的操作或偏置电位源的导电轨道，并且相对于感测电极被执行到评估电路。

公开(公告)号：US4291572A

公开(公告)日：1981-09-29

申请号：US165922

申请日：1980-07-03

申请人： Helmut Maurer ,  Gerhard Dillman ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder

发明人： Helmut Maurer ,  Gerhard Dillman ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder

IPC分类号： G01N27/12 ,  F02D41/14 ,  F02D45/00 ,  G01N27/04 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G05D23/275

CPC分类号： F02D41/1494 ,  G01N27/4067 ,  G05D23/275

摘要： A method and system for controlling the temperature of a heat measuring sensor such as an oxygen sensor located in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine so that the oxygen sensor will operate within optimal operating temperature. To accomplish this, a heating system including a control mechanism is provided for the oxygen sensor which adjusts the temperature of the oxygen sensor by controlling the output of a heater during the operation of the internal combustion engine according to characteristic engine operating conditions which have an effect on the temperature of the oxygen sensor, the most significant of which is engine load status. These conditions are sensed as a quantity by probes located so as to measure such operating conditions and send a signal to the control mechanism and its sensor heater.

摘要翻译： 一种用于控制位于内燃机的排气管中的氧传感器等热测量传感器的温度的方法和系统，以使得氧传感器将在最佳工作温度下运行。 为了实现这一点，为氧传感器提供了包括控制机构的加热系统，其通过根据具有效果的特征发动机操作条件控制内燃机的操作期间加热器的输出来调节氧传感器的温度 关于氧传感器的温度，其中最重要的是发动机负载状态。 这些条件通过位于被测量这样的操作条件的探头感测为数量，并向控制机构及其传感器加热器发送信号。

公开(公告)号：US4155827A

公开(公告)日：1979-05-22

申请号：US918145

申请日：1978-06-22

申请人： Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder

发明人： Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/403 ,  G01N27/406 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/413 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/4067 ,  G01N27/4078

摘要： An electro-chemical sensor to determine the oxygen content of exhaust gases, particularly from internal combustion engines. The sensor contains a tubular solid electrolyte closed at one end having a catalytically active layer on the outside to be exposed to the exhaust gas. The inside of said solid electrolyte tube is exposed to the ambient air and is provided with a contact portion arranged at the bottom of said solid electrolyte tube. The sensor contains an elongated axial center electrode which is pressured against the bottom (closed end) of the inside of the tubular solid electrolyte, preferably by means of a compression spring which may be mounted internal of said center electrode or external thereof. The central electrode comprises an insulating body having a heating element in the area which will be adjacent the portion of the solid electrolyte in contact with the exhaust gases. Additionally the central electrode also carries an electric lead to said contact portion. The contact portion may be attached to the central electrode.

摘要翻译： 一种电化学传感器，用于确定排气的氧含量，特别是内燃机的氧气含量。 该传感器包含在一端封闭的管状固体电解质，其在外部具有暴露于废气的催化活性层。 所述固体电解质管的内部暴露于环境空气中，并且设置有布置在所述固体电解质管的底部的接触部分。 传感器包含细长的轴向中心电极，其优选地通过可安装在所述中心电极内部或其外部的压缩弹簧抵靠管状固体电解质内部的底部（封闭端）。 中心电极包括绝缘体，该绝缘体在与废气接触的部分固体电解质附近的区域中具有加热元件。 此外，中心电极还带有电引线到所述接触部分。 接触部分可以附接到中心电极。

公开(公告)号：US4355618A

公开(公告)日：1982-10-26

申请号：US207560

申请日：1980-11-17

申请人： Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Harald Reber ,  Hermann Dietz

发明人： Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Ernst Linder ,  Harald Reber ,  Hermann Dietz

IPC分类号： F02D41/34 ,  F02D3/00 ,  F02D41/14 ,  F02B3/00

CPC分类号： F02D41/1476

摘要： A method and apparatus is proposed for obtaining a control variable for the closed-loop control of the fuel-air ratio of the operating mixture of internal combustion engines, in which a threshold-current sensor of known structure is used. By means of varying the measurement voltage present at the threshold-current sensor by voltage amounts which correspond to a change in oxygen concentration to be expected in association with a change in operational state, the time behavior of the threshold-current sensor, which is essentially sluggish, is compensated for and it becomes possible to use it for rapidly-functioning closed-loop control systems in internal combustion engines.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种方法和装置，用于获得其中使用已知结构的阈值电流传感器的内燃机的操作混合物的燃料 - 空气比的闭环控制的控制变量。 通过将阈值电流传感器上存在的测量电压改变为与预期的运行状态变化相对应的氧浓度变化的电压量，阈值电流传感器的时间特性基本上是 缓慢，被补偿，并且可以将其用于内燃机中快速功能的闭环控制系统。

公开(公告)号：US4333439A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-08

申请号：US127158

申请日：1980-03-04

申请人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder

发明人： Klaus Muller ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Franz Rieger ,  Ernst Linder

IPC分类号： F02M25/07 ,  F02D21/08 ,  F02M25/06

CPC分类号： F02D41/0065 ,  F02D41/144 ,  F02D41/005 ,  Y02T10/47

摘要： An apparatus is proposed for controlling the exhaust recirculation rate in an internal combustion engine, in particular an engine with auto-ignition, which includes preferably one mixture valve in the area of the discharge opening of the exhaust recirculation line and which is characterized in that the control is accomplished via the mixture valve position ahead of the inlet valves in accordance with the concentration of at least one component of the air-exhaust gas mixture and/or at least one component of the exhaust gas. Thus it is possible to operate the engine with a relatively emission-free exhaust. An exhaust gas reservoir is further provided, with which peaks in the exhaust gas concentration due to a dynamic driving mode can be intercepted. Finally, it is also proposed that the exhaust recirculation be realized solely via a pressure, which can be controlled in open-loop or closed-loop fashion, in the exhaust line by means of a valve.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于控制内燃机，特别是具有自动点火的发动机的排气再循环率的装置，其优选地包括在排气再循环管线的排放口的区域中的一个混合阀，并且其特征在于， 根据排气混合物的至少一种组分和/或废气的至少一种组分的浓度，通过进口阀前面的混合阀位置实现控制。 因此，可以用相对无排放的排气来操作发动机。 还设置有废气储存器，由此可以拦截由于动态驱动模式引起的废气浓度的峰值。 最后，还提出排气再循环仅通过可通过阀门在排气管路中以开环或闭环方式控制的压力来实现。

公开(公告)号：US4023360A

公开(公告)日：1977-05-17

申请号：US517020

申请日：1974-10-22

申请人： Gunter Wossner ,  Josef Zweng ,  Ernst Linder

发明人： Gunter Wossner ,  Josef Zweng ,  Ernst Linder

IPC分类号： F01N3/05 ,  F01N3/18 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F01N3/15

CPC分类号： F01N3/2046 ,  F01N3/05 ,  F01N3/18 ,  F01N3/2006 ,  F01N2240/02 ,  F01N2410/00 ,  Y02T10/26

摘要： The exhaust system of an internal combustion engine which includes one or several, sequential catalytic reactors is provided with a bypass channel through which some portion of the exhaust gases may be diverted. This diversion takes place whenever the gas flow rate becomes so high that the operating temperatures of one or more of the reactors would be exceeded. The gases flowing through the bypass channel are cooled prior to their reintroduction into the main exhaust pipe channel. The diversion of part of the gas stream into the bypass channel is accomplished with the aid of a control current of exhaust gas tapped off from the exhaust line and conducted back upstream to the junction of the main channel and the bypass channel. The force of this control current deviates the exhaust gases from their normal path and causes them to flow into the bypass channel.

摘要翻译： 包括一个或多个顺序催化反应器的内燃机的排气系统设置有旁路通道，排气的一部分可以通过旁通通道转向。 每当气体流速变得如此高以致超过一个或多个反应器的操作温度时，就会发生这种转移。 流过旁通通道的气体在再次引入主排气管道之前被冷却。 通过从排气管线排出的废气的控制电流的帮助，将一部分气体流转移到旁通通道中，并将其导回到主通道和旁路通道的接合处。 该控制电流的力使排气从其正常路径偏离并使其流入旁路通道。

公开(公告)号：US4132615A

公开(公告)日：1979-01-02

申请号：US747480

申请日：1976-12-06

申请人： Ernst Linder ,  Leo Steinke ,  Franz Rieger

发明人： Ernst Linder ,  Leo Steinke ,  Franz Rieger

IPC分类号： G01N27/407 ,  G01N31/10 ,  G01N27/46

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 ,  G01N27/4077 ,  G01N31/10

摘要： To avoid temperature shock and mechanical damage to oxygen sensors with ion conductive solid electrolytes exposed to the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, a catalyst, for example in the form of aluminum oxide pellets having a catalyzing surface layer, is located to surround the oxygen sensor, or just in advance of the oxygen sensor in a bypass pipe, branching off from the exhaust gas pipe of the engine to take samples of the exhaust gases so that the sensor and catalyst form an assembly, or sensing combination. The catalyzing layer may be platinum, or a platinum metal, or an alloy of platinum with aluminum, cobalt, nickel, or chromium, or may be mineral wool, or wool of glass, or asbestos fibers having their surface coated with any of the foregoing catalysts.

摘要翻译： 为了避免暴露于内燃机废气的离子传导性固体电解质的氧传感器的温度冲击和机械损伤，例如具有催化表面层的氧化铝颗粒形式的催化剂位于氧传感器周围 或者恰好在旁通管中的氧传感器之前，从发动机的排气管分支出来以取样废气，使得传感器和催化剂形成组件或感测组合。 催化层可以是铂或铂金属，或铂与铝，钴，镍或铬的合金，或者可以是矿物棉，玻璃棉或石棉纤维，其表面涂有上述任一种 催化剂。