公开(公告)号：US4369748A

公开(公告)日：1983-01-25

申请号：US268856

申请日：1981-06-01

申请人： Leo Steinke ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

发明人： Leo Steinke ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Klaus Muller ,  Franz Rieger

IPC分类号： G01M15/00 ,  F02P5/152 ,  F02P5/153 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G01H17/00 ,  G01L23/22 ,  F02P5/04 ,  F02B3/00

CPC分类号： G01L23/22 ,  F02P5/1525 ,  Y02T10/46

摘要： A sensor (10) optically coupled to the combustion chamber (10') of an internal combustion (IC) engine is kept free from contaminating or dirt deposits, or the like, by subjecting the sensor to mechanical shocks or vibration. The mechanical shocks or vibration are obtained by the engine itself by controlling the engine to operate for a predetermined time period as set by a monostable flip-flop (FF) (18) under controlled knocking conditions, the shock waves within the combustion chamber causing flaking off or dropping off of contaminating deposits. Controlled knocking can be obtained by advancing ignition timing by additional control of an ignition system (19) in a direction of excessive spark advance, or overriding a knocking inhibiting system already present on the engine. The degree of contamination of the sensor can be determined, for example, by integrating the light received over a predetermined angle of rotation of the engine crankshaft and comparing this rotation with the amount of fuel supplied to the engine for combustion, for example by comparison with timing of a fuel injection pulse, or the like.

摘要翻译： 光学耦合到内燃机（IC）发动机的燃烧室（10'）的传感器（10）通过使传感器受到机械冲击或振动而保持没有污染或污垢沉积物等。 发动机本身通过控制发动机在受控的爆震条件下由单稳态触发器（FF）（18）设定的预定时间段来实现机械冲击或振动，燃烧室内的冲击波引起剥落 脱落或掉落污染沉积物。 可以通过在点火系统（19）的过度火花提前的方向上进一步控制点火正时或者超越已经存在于发动机上的爆震抑制系统来获得控制爆震。 传感器的污染程度可以例如通过将在发动机曲轴的预定旋转角度上接收到的光积分并将该旋转与供给到发动机用于燃烧的燃料量进行比较来确定，例如通过与 燃料喷射脉冲的定时等。

公开(公告)号：US4132615A

公开(公告)日：1979-01-02

申请号：US747480

申请日：1976-12-06

申请人： Ernst Linder ,  Leo Steinke ,  Franz Rieger

发明人： Ernst Linder ,  Leo Steinke ,  Franz Rieger

IPC分类号： G01N27/407 ,  G01N31/10 ,  G01N27/46

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 ,  G01N27/4077 ,  G01N31/10

摘要： To avoid temperature shock and mechanical damage to oxygen sensors with ion conductive solid electrolytes exposed to the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, a catalyst, for example in the form of aluminum oxide pellets having a catalyzing surface layer, is located to surround the oxygen sensor, or just in advance of the oxygen sensor in a bypass pipe, branching off from the exhaust gas pipe of the engine to take samples of the exhaust gases so that the sensor and catalyst form an assembly, or sensing combination. The catalyzing layer may be platinum, or a platinum metal, or an alloy of platinum with aluminum, cobalt, nickel, or chromium, or may be mineral wool, or wool of glass, or asbestos fibers having their surface coated with any of the foregoing catalysts.

摘要翻译： 为了避免暴露于内燃机废气的离子传导性固体电解质的氧传感器的温度冲击和机械损伤，例如具有催化表面层的氧化铝颗粒形式的催化剂位于氧传感器周围 或者恰好在旁通管中的氧传感器之前，从发动机的排气管分支出来以取样废气，使得传感器和催化剂形成组件或感测组合。 催化层可以是铂或铂金属，或铂与铝，钴，镍或铬的合金，或者可以是矿物棉，玻璃棉或石棉纤维，其表面涂有上述任一种 催化剂。

公开(公告)号：US4347113A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-31

申请号：US133811

申请日：1980-03-25

申请人： Hermann Fischer ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Ulrich Gruber ,  Wolfgang Heinemann ,  Gunter Knoll ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Rainer Noack ,  Leo Steinke ,  Lothar Weber ,  Helmut Weyl

发明人： Hermann Fischer ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hans-Ulrich Gruber ,  Wolfgang Heinemann ,  Gunter Knoll ,  Ernst Linder ,  Helmut Maurer ,  Rainer Noack ,  Leo Steinke ,  Lothar Weber ,  Helmut Weyl

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/413 ,  H01M4/88 ,  H01M8/12 ,  G01N27/58

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 ,  G01N27/4078 ,  H01M4/881 ,  H01M4/8885 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  H01M4/905 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： To improve operation and output voltage, particularly at 400.degree. C. and less, an oxygen sensor, especially adapted to determine oxygen content of automotive exhaust gases, is constructed by utilizing two electrodes applied on a body of stabilized zirconium dioxide, for example a closed tube, by making an electrode exposed to the exhaust gases in form of a mixture of finely dispersed ceramic material and a platinum-rhodium alloy, the ceramic material being present at about 40% (by volume) and 60% (by volume) platinum-rhodium alloy of 50-94% platinum and 50-6% rhodium (by weight). The second electrode, exposed to a reference gas comprises an alloy of palladium and another noble metal in a ratio of about 19-90% (by weight) Pd and 81-10% (by weight) noble metal. This electrode may also contain up to 40% (by volume) finely dispersed ceramic material. The electrode exposed to the exhaust gases is covered with a porous coating. The electrodes can be applied as aqueous or organic solutions of soluble noble metal compounds or suspensions, colloidal suspensions, with organic solvents, and the like, and subsequent sintering.

摘要翻译： 为了提高操作和输出电压，特别是在400℃以下，特别适用于测定汽车废气氧含量的氧气传感器是通过利用施加在稳定二氧化锆体上的两个电极构成的，例如封闭的 通过使电极以细分散的陶瓷材料和铂 - 铑合金的混合物的形式暴露于废气，陶瓷材料以约40％（体积）和60％（体积）的铂 - 铑合金为50-94％铂和50-6％铑（重量）。 暴露于参考气体的第二电极包括钯和另一贵金属的合金，其比例为约19-90％（重量）的Pd和81-10％（重量）的贵金属。 该电极还可以含有高达40％（体积）的细分散的陶瓷材料。 暴露于废气的电极被多孔涂层覆盖。 电极可以作为可溶性贵金属化合物或悬浮液，胶体悬浮液，有机溶剂等的水溶液或有机溶液，以及随后的烧结。

公开(公告)号：US4211204A

公开(公告)日：1980-07-08

申请号：US942078

申请日：1978-09-13

申请人： Jens Glauner ,  Gunther Kauhl ,  Hannes Pflug ,  Leo Steinke ,  Helmut Weyl

发明人： Jens Glauner ,  Gunther Kauhl ,  Hannes Pflug ,  Leo Steinke ,  Helmut Weyl

IPC分类号： F02P19/00 ,  F23Q7/00 ,  F02M57/00

CPC分类号： F23Q7/001

摘要： To heat the glow plug for an internal combustion engine, a spiral band or ribbon is wound in an essentially co-planar spiral about a central bolt secured to the bottom of the glow plug, the outer terminal of the spiral being connected to a lead-in with highly positive temperature coefficient of resistance to provide for self-limiting current flow upon heating of the glow plug. All free spaces in the glow plug are filled with a highly heat-conductive insulating material, for example magnesium oxide.

摘要翻译： 为了加热用于内燃机的电热塞，螺旋带或带卷绕在固定到电热塞底部的中心螺栓上的基本上共面的螺旋中，螺旋的外部端子连接到铅 - 具有极高的电阻温度系数，以在加热电热塞时提供自限流电流。 电热塞中的所有空闲空间都填充有高导热绝缘材料，例如氧化镁。

公开(公告)号：US4057477A

公开(公告)日：1977-11-08

申请号：US654918

申请日：1976-02-03

申请人： Helmut Weyl ,  Leo Steinke

发明人： Helmut Weyl ,  Leo Steinke

IPC分类号： G01N27/403 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/46

CPC分类号： G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/4062 ,  G01N27/4078

摘要： A housing of the device has a passage formed with two spaced open ends and with an inner circumferential shoulder. A tubular member of ion-conducting solid electrolyte material has a first closed-ended portion projecting from one of the open ends, and a second portion extending through the passage and being formed with an outer circumferential flange an axial end face of which faces the one open end and is supported by the shoulder. The interior of the tubular member is in communication with the ambient atmosphere, and an electron-conductive inner electrode is provided on an inner surface of the tubular member and conductively connected with an outside terminal portion. An electron-conductive outer electrode is provided on an outer surface of the tubular member and conductively connected with the housing. A compensating arrangement is provided on the housing fixed with reference thereto and engages the second portion of the tubular member in such a way as to compensate for differential coefficience of thermal expansion and contraction of the material of the housing and of the tubular member, respectively. This prevents relative movements of the housing and tubular member when such differential expansion or contraction occurs.

摘要翻译： 装置的壳体具有形成有两个间隔开的开口端和内周肩部的通道。 离子导电固体电解质材料的管状构件具有从一个开口端突出的第一封闭端部分和延伸穿过通道的第二部分，并且形成有外周凸缘，其轴向端面面向一个 开放式，并由肩膀支撑。 管状构件的内部与环境大气连通，并且在管状构件的内表面上设置电子导电内部电极，并与外部端子部分导电连接。 电子导电外电极设置在管状构件的外表面上并与壳体导电连接。 在相对于其固定的壳体上提供补偿装置，并且以这样一种方式接合管状构件的第二部分，以分别补偿壳体和管状构件的材料的热膨胀和收缩的差异系数。 这样可以防止在出现这种不同的膨胀或收缩时壳体和管状构件的相对运动。

公开(公告)号：US4252091A

公开(公告)日：1981-02-24

申请号：US45019

申请日：1979-06-04

申请人： Leo Steinke

发明人： Leo Steinke

IPC分类号： F23Q7/00 ,  F02P19/00

CPC分类号： F23Q7/001

摘要： To positively exclude oxygen from a heating spiral located within the interior of a glow plug, so that the heating spiral can use a material having a high positive temperature coefficient of resistance, an insulating bushing separates a central connecting bolt from the surrounding metal sleeve and at least one, and preferably both the bolt and the metal sleeve are formed with circumferential matching ridges and grooves into which the insulating bushing will be pressed to provide an effective seal and a long, tortuous path for any possible leakage of air past the seal, even under the extremes of operating conditions and temperature gradients to which glow plugs are exposed in use. To further exclude oxygen from the heating spiral, the filler material adjacent the sealing bushing can include material having a high affinity to oxygen, such as aluminum or magnesium, so that any oxygen molecules which might leak past the seal will be bound thereby.

摘要翻译： 为了从位于电热塞内部的加热螺旋积极排除氧，使得加热螺旋可以使用具有高正温度系数电阻的材料，绝缘套管将中心连接螺栓与周围的金属套管分开，并且在 至少一个，并且优选地，螺栓和金属套筒都形成有圆周匹配的脊和凹槽，绝缘衬套将被压入其中以提供有效的密封和用于任何可能的空气通过密封件泄漏的长曲折的路径，甚至 在使用中电热塞暴露的操作条件和温度梯度的极端。 为了从加热螺旋进一步排除氧气，与密封衬套相邻的填充材料可以包括对氧气具有高亲和力的材料，例如铝或镁，使得可能通过密封件泄漏的任何氧分子被结合。

公开(公告)号：US4200077A

公开(公告)日：1980-04-29

申请号：US942045

申请日：1978-09-13

申请人： Gunther Kauhl ,  Hannes Pflug ,  Leo Steinke

发明人： Gunther Kauhl ,  Hannes Pflug ,  Leo Steinke

IPC分类号： F02P19/00 ,  F23Q7/00 ,  H05B3/00

CPC分类号： F23Q7/001 ,  Y10T29/49085

摘要： To prevent damage to the heating wire of an electrically heated glow plug due to non-uniform expansion of materials within the glow plug upon heating thereof, and particularly due to excessive expansion of filler material surrounding a spiraled heating wire, the filler material is made in two sections, one being located within the spiral of the heater wire and comprising a material of a thermal conductivity of expansion approximately matching that of the heater wire, typically high-temperature annealed aluminum oxide, magnesium aluminum spinel, silicon nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide, or the like, the outer section between the heater wire and the inner wall of the glow tube being of a material of good heat conductivity, such as magnesium oxide. In manufacture, the first material is introduced into the heater wire spiral in the form of a compacted rod which, after assembly to the tube and introduction of the second material, is crushed by diametrical reduction of the tube after closing thereof, for example by hammering, rolling or swaging.

摘要翻译： 为了防止由于加热电热塞中的材料的不均匀膨胀而导致的电加热的电热塞的发热丝的损坏，特别是由于围绕螺旋加热线的填充材料的过度膨胀，填充材料被制成 两个部分，一个位于加热丝线的螺旋内，并且包括具有与加热丝线（通常是高温退火的氧化铝，镁铝尖晶石，氮化硅，氮化硼，硅 碳化物等，加热线与辉光管的内壁之间的外部部分是具有良好导热性的材料，例如氧化镁。 在制造中，将第一种材料引入到加压丝螺旋形中，其形式为压紧棒，在组装到管之后并且第二种材料的引入在其封闭之后通过管的直径减小而被压碎，例如通过锤击 ，滚动或模锻。

公开(公告)号：US4075998A

公开(公告)日：1978-02-28

申请号：US765832

申请日：1977-02-04

申请人： Heinz Krauss ,  Gunther Kauhl ,  Leo Steinke

发明人： Heinz Krauss ,  Gunther Kauhl ,  Leo Steinke

IPC分类号： F02N11/08 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02P19/02 ,  F02N17/00

CPC分类号： F02P19/02 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02B3/06

摘要： To permit use of a standard starting switch customary in Otto engines to start automotive-type Diesel engines requiring energization of a glow plug, the "start" position of the control switch is unstable, for example spring-loaded, and returns the switch to "on" position upon release. The ON position also simultaneously forms the pre-heat switch position. The system includes a first relay having its connecting contacts connected to the glow plug and to a source of power, and a second relay forming a transfer switch with one terminal set connected as a self-holding circuit. The coil of the first relay is connected through the other set of transfer contacts of the second relay to the ON terminal of the switch to form the pre-heat circuit when the second relay is de-energized. The "start" position connects the starting motor. The coil of the second relay is energized from a common transfer junction either when the switch is in the "start" position or when a heater switch, included in the circuit of the glow plugs, has sufficient current flowing therethrough which also causes the glow plugs to become hot.

摘要翻译： 为了允许使用Otto发动机中通常使用的标准起动开关启动需要通电电热塞的汽车型柴油发动机，控制开关的“启动”位置是不稳定的，例如弹簧加载，并将开关返回到“ 放在“位置上。 ON位置也同时形成预热开关位置。 该系统包括具有连接到电热塞和连接到电源的连接触点的第一继电器，以及形成转换开关的第二继电器，其中一个端子组连接为自保持电路。 第一继电器的线圈通过第二继电器的另一组转接触点连接到开关的导通端，以在第二继电器断电时形成预热回路。 “起动”位置连接起动电机。 当开关处于“开始”位置时，或者当电热塞电路中包括的加热器开关具有足够的电流流过其中时，第二继电器的线圈从公共转移接点通电，这也使得电热塞 变热

公开(公告)号：US3960693A

公开(公告)日：1976-06-01

申请号：US447330

申请日：1974-03-01

申请人： Helmut Weyl ,  Leo Steinke

发明人： Helmut Weyl ,  Leo Steinke

IPC分类号： G01N27/04 ,  F02B77/08 ,  G01N20060101 ,  G01N27/28 ,  G01N27/403 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/46

CPC分类号： G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/4062 ,  G01N27/4078

摘要： A housing of the device has a passage formed with two spaced open ends and with an inner circumferential shoulder. A tubular member of ion-conducting solid electrolyte material has a first closed-ended portion projecting from one of the open ends, and a second portion extending through the passage and being formed with an outer circumferential flange an axial end face of which faces the one open end and is supported by the shoulder. The interior of the tubular member is in communication with the ambient atmosphere, and an electron-conductive inner electrode is provided on an inner surface of the tubular member and conductively connected with an outside terminal portion. An electron-conductive outer electrode is provided on an outer surface of the tubular member and conductively connected with the housing. A compensating arrangement is provided on the housing fixed with reference thereto and engages the second portion of the tubular member in such a way as to compensate for differential coefficience of thermal expansion and contraction of the material of the housing and of the tubular member, respectively. This prevents relative movements of the housing and tubular member when such differential expansion or contraction occurs.

摘要翻译： 装置的壳体具有形成有两个间隔开的开口端和内周肩部的通道。 离子导电固体电解质材料的管状构件具有从一个开口端突出的第一封闭端部分和延伸穿过通道的第二部分，并且形成有外周凸缘，其轴向端面面向一个 开放式，并由肩膀支撑。 管状构件的内部与环境大气连通，并且在管状构件的内表面上设置电子导电内部电极，并与外部端子部分导电连接。 电子导电外电极设置在管状构件的外表面上并与壳体导电连接。 在相对于其固定的壳体上提供补偿装置，并且以这样一种方式接合管状构件的第二部分，以分别补偿壳体和管状构件的材料的热膨胀和收缩的差异系数。 这样可以防止在出现这种不同的膨胀或收缩时壳体和管状构件的相对运动。

公开(公告)号：US5374822A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-20

申请号：US691052

申请日：1991-06-24

申请人： Leo Steinke ,  Herbert Lang

发明人： Leo Steinke ,  Herbert Lang

IPC分类号： G01K7/00 ,  G01J5/02 ,  G01J5/12 ,  G01J5/14 ,  G01K1/02 ,  G01K7/02 ,  G01K13/00 ,  H01T13/40 ,  G01D5/34

CPC分类号： G01K1/024

摘要： An optical transmitter for converting a thermocouple voltage into an optical pulse train and a low pass input filter are contained in respective spaces in a soft magnetic housing. The input filter is in lead wires from a thermocouple whose hot junction is embedded in the tip of the insulator of a spark plug of an internal combustion engine. The housing itself forms part of or is connected to the H.T. lead to the centre electrode of the spark plug. The housing is surrounded by insulating material which is itself surrounded by an earthed screening casing. The low pass filter is symmetrically constructed, both electrically and mechanically.The filter prevents interference from reaching the circuitry of the optical transmitter and the housing and the casing prevents the generation and transmission of radio interference.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP89 / 00066 Sec。 371日期1991年6月24日 102（e）1991年6月24日PCT 1989年1月24日PCT PCT。 WO90 / 08948 PCT公开 日期：1990年8月9日。用于将热电偶电压转换为光脉冲串和低通输入滤波器的光发射机包含在软磁性壳体的相应空间中。 输入滤波器处于来自热电偶的引线，热电偶的热接头嵌入在内燃机的火花塞的绝缘体的尖端中。 房屋本身构成H.T.的一部分或连接到H.T。 导致火花塞的中心电极。 外壳被绝缘材料包围，绝缘材料本身被接地的屏蔽外壳包围。 低通滤波器对称地构造，电气和机械。 滤波器防止干扰到达光发射机的电路，并且外壳和外壳防止无线电干扰的产生和传输。